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首款实用可见光谱(红色)LED

1962-10-09
  • Nick Holonyak Jr.
砷化镓磷化物发光二极管(LED)发出红光,在光电子学领域具有关键作用。

(图片仅供参考)

第一个实用的可见光谱 引领 was invented in 1962. This device, based on a Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP) 半导体 substrate, emitted red light at a wavelength of approximately 650 nm. While its initial efficiency was low, it was the first LED bright enough for practical use, launching the industry of solid-state indicators and displays like those in early calculators.

Working at General Electric, Nick Holonyak Jr. successfully created the first light-emitting diode that produced light in the visible part of the spectrum, specifically red light. This was a significant advancement over previous semiconductor diodes that only emitted invisible infrared light. Holonyak’s device used a ternary 合金, Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP), grown on a Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) substrate. The creation of this alloy was a materials science challenge, but it allowed for a band gap large enough to produce red photons.

The invention was a proof of concept that solid-state devices could generate useful visible light. Its initial brightness was about 0.001 lumens, and it was expensive to produce. However, its robustness, small size, and low power consumption compared to incandescent bulbs made it ideal for indicator applications. This breakthrough directly led to the development of seven-segment displays that dominated the calculator and digital watch markets in the 1970s, replacing older 技术 like Nixie tubes. It marked the beginning of the transition from vacuum tube and incandescent technologies to solid-state optoelectronics.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 3308
- 电子产品

类型

物理设备

中断

重大的

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • 砷化镓(GaAs)技术的发展
  • 气相外延法用于晶体生长
  • 对化合物半导体中PN结的理解
  • James R. Biard 和 Gary Pittman 于 1961 年开展了关于红外 LED 的早期研究。

应用程序

  • 计算器显示屏(例如,HP-35)
  • 数字手表显示屏
  • 电子设备上的指示灯
  • 早 optical data transmission links
  • 交通信号灯

专利:

NA

潜在创新理念

  • high-efficiency red leds for automotive brake lights
  • red laser diodes for dvd players and barcode scanners
  • led-based pulse oximeters using red and infrared light
  • advanced horticultural lighting systems using red leds to promote flowering
  • traffic signal retrofits for energy savings
  • large-scale video billboards and scoreboards
  • aircraft and vehicle instrumentation panels
  • emergency exit signs with long life and low power consumption
  • led-based photodynamic therapy in medicine
  • optical mice using red led illumination
相关术语:红色 LED、Nick Holonyak、砷化镓磷、GAASP、通用电气、七段数码管、指示灯、可见光谱、光电子学。

历史背景

首款实用可见光谱(红色)LED

1960
1960
1960
1962-10-09
1964
1970
1970
1960
1960
1960
1962
1963
1965-12-21
1970
1970

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

第十年 周年纪念日

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