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Primeiro LED prático de espectro visível (vermelho)

1962-10-09
  • Nick Holonyak Jr.
LED de fosfeto de arsenieto de gálio que emite luz vermelha, fundamental na optoeletrônica.

(Imagem gerada apenas para fins ilustrativos)

O primeiro espectro visível prático LIDERADO was invented in 1962. This device, based on a Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP) semicondutor substrate, emitted red light at a wavelength of approximately 650 nm. While its initial efficiency was low, it was the first LED bright enough for practical use, launching the industry of solid-state indicators and displays like those in early calculators.

Working at General Electric, Nick Holonyak Jr. successfully created the first light-emitting diode that produced light in the visible part of the spectrum, specifically red light. This was a significant advancement over previous semiconductor diodes that only emitted invisible infrared light. Holonyak’s device used a ternary liga, Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP), grown on a Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) substrate. The creation of this alloy was a materials science challenge, but it allowed for a band gap large enough to produce red photons.

The invention was a proof of concept that solid-state devices could generate useful visible light. Its initial brightness was about 0.001 lumens, and it was expensive to produce. However, its robustness, small size, and low power consumption compared to incandescent bulbs made it ideal for indicator applications. This breakthrough directly led to the development of seven-segment displays that dominated the calculator and digital watch markets in the 1970s, replacing older tecnologias like Nixie tubes. It marked the beginning of the transition from vacuum tube and incandescent technologies to solid-state optoelectronics.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 3308
Eletrônicos

Tipo

Dispositivo físico

Interrupção

Substancial

Uso

Uso generalizado

Precursores

  • desenvolvimento da tecnologia de arseneto de gálio (GaAs)
  • epitaxia em fase vapor para crescimento de cristais
  • Compreensão das junções pn em semicondutores compostos
  • Trabalhos anteriores sobre LEDs infravermelhos foram realizados por James R. Biard e Gary Pittman em 1961.

Aplicações

  • Visores de calculadora (ex: HP-35)
  • visores de relógios digitais
  • luzes indicadoras em equipamentos eletrônicos
  • early optical data transmission links
  • semáforos

Patentes:

NA

Ideias de Inovação Potencial

  • high-efficiency red leds for automotive brake lights
  • red laser diodes for dvd players and barcode scanners
  • led-based pulse oximeters using red and infrared light
  • advanced horticultural lighting systems using red leds to promote flowering
  • traffic signal retrofits for energy savings
  • large-scale video billboards and scoreboards
  • aircraft and vehicle instrumentation panels
  • emergency exit signs with long life and low power consumption
  • led-based photodynamic therapy in medicine
  • optical mice using red led illumination
Relacionado a: LED vermelho, Nick Holonyak, fosfeto de arsenieto de gálio, GaASP, General Electric, display de sete segmentos, luz indicadora, espectro visível, optoeletrônica.

Contexto histórico

Primeiro LED prático de espectro visível (vermelho)

1960
1960
1960
1962-10-09
1964
1970
1970
1960
1960
1960
1962
1963
1965-12-21
1970
1970

(Caso a data seja desconhecida ou irrelevante, por exemplo, "mecânica dos fluidos", é fornecida uma estimativa aproximada de seu surgimento notável)

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