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Erste praktische LED im sichtbaren Spektrum (Rot)

1962-10-09
  • Nick Holonyak Jr.
Galliumarsenidphosphid-LED, die rotes Licht emittiert, ist von zentraler Bedeutung in der Optoelektronik.

(Abbildung dient nur zur Veranschaulichung)

Das erste praktische sichtbare Spektrum LED was invented in 1962. This device, based on a Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP) Halbleiter substrate, emitted red light at a wavelength of approximately 650 nm. While its initial efficiency was low, it was the first LED bright enough for practical use, launching the industry of solid-state indicators and displays like those in early calculators.

Working at General Electric, Nick Holonyak Jr. successfully created the first light-emitting diode that produced light in the visible part of the spectrum, specifically red light. This was a significant advancement over previous semiconductor diodes that only emitted invisible infrared light. Holonyak’s device used a ternary Legierung, Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP), grown on a Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) substrate. The creation of this alloy was a materials science challenge, but it allowed for a band gap large enough to produce red photons.

The invention was a proof of concept that solid-state devices could generate useful visible light. Its initial brightness was about 0.001 lumens, and it was expensive to produce. However, its robustness, small size, and low power consumption compared to incandescent bulbs made it ideal for indicator applications. This breakthrough directly led to the development of seven-segment displays that dominated the calculator and digital watch markets in the 1970s, replacing older Technologien like Nixie tubes. It marked the beginning of the transition from vacuum tube and incandescent technologies to solid-state optoelectronics.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 3308
- Elektronik

Typ

Physikalisches Gerät

Störung

Wesentliche

Verwendung

Weitverbreitete Verwendung

Vorläufer

  • Entwicklung der Galliumarsenid (GaAs)-Technologie
  • Dampfphasenepitaxie für Kristallwachstum
  • Verständnis von pn-Übergängen in Verbindungshalbleitern
  • Frühere Arbeiten über Infrarot-LEDs von James R. Biard und Gary Pittman aus dem Jahr 1961

Anwendungen

  • Taschenrechneranzeigen (z. B. HP-35)
  • digitale Uhrenanzeigen
  • Kontrollleuchten an elektronischen Geräten
  • früh optical data transmission links
  • Ampel

Patente:

NA

Potenzielle Innovationsideen

  • high-efficiency red leds for automotive brake lights
  • red laser diodes for dvd players and barcode scanners
  • led-based pulse oximeters using red and infrared light
  • advanced horticultural lighting systems using red leds to promote flowering
  • traffic signal retrofits for energy savings
  • large-scale video billboards and scoreboards
  • aircraft and vehicle instrumentation panels
  • emergency exit signs with long life and low power consumption
  • led-based photodynamic therapy in medicine
  • optical mice using red led illumination
Verwandt mit: rote LED, Nick Holonyak, Galliumarsenidphosphid, GAASP, General Electric, Siebensegmentanzeige, Kontrollleuchte, sichtbares Spektrum, Optoelektronik.

Historischer Kontext

Erste praktische LED im sichtbaren Spektrum (Rot)

1960
1960
1960
1962-10-09
1964
1970
1970
1960
1960
1960
1962
1963
1965-12-21
1970
1970

(wenn das Datum unbekannt oder nicht relevant ist, z. B. „Strömungsmechanik“, wird eine gerundete Schätzung seines bemerkenswerten Auftretens bereitgestellt)

10. Jahr Jubiläum

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