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Muda、Muri、Mura(7 个废物中的 3 个)

1960
  • Taiichi Ohno
工程师们在工业办公室里合作研究精益生产原则。

(图片仅供参考)

The Toyota Production System is founded on the complete elimination of waste, categorized into 7 types, 3 main being described here: Muda (non-value-adding work), Muri (overburden), and Mura (unevenness). While Muda is the most commonly discussed, TPS recognizes that Muri and Mura are often the root causes of Muda and must be addressed first to achieve a truly lean system.

Muda(废物) 指任何消耗资源但未为客户创造价值的活动。大野耐一最初将Muda分为七种类型:运输(不必要的产品移动)、库存(过剩的产品和材料)、移动(不必要的人员移动)、等待(等待下一生产步骤)、生产过剩(生产超过所需)、加工过度(工作量超过所需)和缺陷(导致返工或报废的努力)。第八种浪费,即未得到充分利用的人才,也经常被提及。

Mura(不均匀性) 指生产过程中的不一致或不规则性。它表现为生产计划波动或工作方法不一致,导致生产周期先忙后闲。Mura 通常通过均衡生产(Heijunka,指生产平衡)来解决,这种均衡可以平衡生产结构和产量。

Muri (覆盖层) means overburdening equipment or operators by asking them to do more than their natural capacity allows. This can lead to safety issues, burnout, and defects. Muri is often caused by Mura and a lack of standardized work. The TPS philosophy emphasizes that eliminating Mura and Muri is essential for systematically and sustainably eliminating Muda. By creating a leveled, stable, and reasonably paced work environment, the conditions that generate waste (Muda) are removed at their source.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 3306
– Industrial Engineering

类型

抽象系统

中断

Foundational

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • frank and lillian gilbreth’s time and motion studies
  • henry ford’s focus on waste reduction in his assembly lines
  • 弗雷德里克·温斯洛·泰勒的《科学管理原则》

应用程序

  • 软件开发(消除未使用的代码、不必要的功能)
  • 医疗保健(减少患者等待时间、减少冗余文书工作)
  • 服务行业(简化客户服务流程)
  • 物流(优化运输路线以消除浪费的运输和燃料)
  • 政府管理(简化官僚程序)

专利:

NA

潜在创新理念

  • 人工智能算法识别数字工作流程和业务流程中的浪费
  • wearable sensors for employees to detect muri (physical strain) and suggest ergonomic improvements
  • 实时分析仪表板,用于可视化和消除服务交付系统中的 Mura
  • software refactoring tools that automatically detect and remove ‘code waste’ (muda)
  • 智能城市规划软件可消除公共交通时刻表中的Mura
  • personal finance apps that identify and categorize ‘spending muda’
  • 识别学生认知超负荷并调整课程节奏的教育软件
  • 流程挖掘工具可自动映射和识别任何组织流程中的 3ms
Related to: muda, muri, mura, waste elimination, 精益制造, toyota production system, overproduction, kaizen.

历史背景

Muda、Muri、Mura(7 个废物中的 3 个)

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(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

第十年 周年纪念日

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