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ハンプソン=リンデ・サイクル

1895
  • William Hampson
  • Carl von Linde
Industrial gas liquefaction facility utilizing the Hampson-Linde cycle for cryogenics.

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The Hampson-Linde cycle liquefies gases like air using the Joule-Thomson effect combined with regenerative cooling. High-pressure gas is cooled in a counter-flow heat exchanger by the cold, low-pressure gas returning from the expansion valve. This progressively lowers the temperature at the valve until it drops below the critical point and liquefaction begins, forming the basis for the modern gas liquefaction industry.

Independently developed by William Hampson in Britain and Carl von Linde in Germany, this cycle represented a major breakthrough. Its elegance lies in its simplicity and self-reinforcing nature. The key component is the regenerative heat exchanger, typically a set of coiled pipes. Incoming high-pressure gas flows through an inner pipe, while the cold, expanded gas from the ジュール・トムソン valve flows back over the outside of this pipe. This counter-flow arrangement ensures the incoming gas is continuously pre-cooled by the coldest available return gas. With each pass, the temperature of the gas entering the expansion valve drops further. Eventually, the temperature falls below the gas’s inversion temperature, and the Joule-Thomson expansion produces significant cooling. This cooling is carried back through the heat exchanger, creating a positive feedback loop until the temperature is low enough for a fraction of the gas to condense into a liquid upon expansion. This process made the large-scale, commercial production of liquid air feasible for the first time.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2212
熱力学

タイプ

熱力学サイクル

混乱

実質的な

使用法

広く普及している

前駆物質

  • ジュール・トムソン効果(ジュールとトムソン)
  • 向流式熱交換の概念
  • シーメンスの再生冷却原理(炉向けに開発)
  • 高圧圧縮技術の進歩

アプリケーション

  • 液体空気、窒素、酸素、アルゴンの工業生産
  • ガスを液化するための標準的な実験装置
  • cryogenics research
  • 水素およびヘリウム液化装置の予冷段階
  • liquid air energy storage (LAES)

特許:

  • GB189524525A
  • DE88824

潜在的なイノベーションのアイデア

  • portable oxygen generators for remote medical facilities
  • closed-loop cryogenic cooling for magnetic levitation (maglev) transport systems
  • small-scale nitrogen liquefiers for agricultural use (e.g., cryopreservation of semen)
  • enhanced oil recovery systems using liquefied nitrogen injection
  • cryogenic machining for improved surface finish on difficult materials
  • liquid air energy storage (LAES) systems for grid-scale power balancing
  • advanced cryosurgery tools with finer temperature control
  • on-demand liquefaction systems for rocket propellant loading
  • cryogenic food freezing for superior quality preservation
  • compact 空気分離 units for aircraft onboard oxygen generation (OBOGS)
Related to: Hampson-Linde cycle, regenerative cooling, Joule-Thomson effect, liquefaction, cryogenics, air separation, heat exchanger, Carl von Linde, throttling, counter-flow.

歴史的背景

ハンプソン=リンデ・サイクル

1889
1890
1890
1895
1895
1899
1900
1889
1890
1890
1895
1895
1896
1900
1900

(日付が不明または関連性がない場合、例えば「流体力学」などでは、その注目すべき出現時期の概算値が提示されます。)

10年目 周年

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