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汉普森-林德循环

1895
  • William Hampson
  • Carl von Linde
利用汉普森-林德低温循环的工业气体液化设施。.

(图片仅供参考)

The Hampson-Linde cycle liquefies gases like air using the Joule-Thomson effect combined with regenerative cooling. High-pressure gas is cooled in a counter-flow heat exchanger by the cold, low-pressure gas returning from the expansion valve. This progressively lowers the temperature at the valve until it drops below the critical point and liquefaction begins, forming the basis for the modern gas liquefaction 业。

Independently developed by William Hampson in Britain and Carl von Linde in Germany, this cycle represented a major breakthrough. Its elegance lies in its simplicity and self-reinforcing nature. The key component is the regenerative heat exchanger, typically a set of coiled pipes. Incoming high-pressure gas flows through an inner pipe, while the cold, expanded gas from the Joule-Thomson valve flows back over the outside of this pipe. This counter-flow arrangement ensures the incoming gas is continuously pre-cooled by the coldest available return gas. With each pass, the temperature of the gas entering the expansion valve drops further. Eventually, the temperature falls below the gas’s inversion temperature, and the Joule-Thomson expansion produces significant cooling. This cooling is carried back through the heat exchanger, creating a positive feedback loop until the temperature is low enough for a fraction of the gas to condense into a liquid upon expansion. This process made the large-scale, commercial production of liquid air feasible for the first time.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2212
- 热力学

类型

热力学循环

中断

重大的

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • 焦耳-汤姆逊效应(焦耳和汤姆逊)
  • 逆流热交换的概念
  • 西门子®再生冷却原理(专为炉膛开发)
  • 高压压缩技术的进步

应用程序

  • 液态空气、氮气、氧气和氩气的工业生产
  • 液化气体标准实验室设备
  • 低温 研究
  • 氢气和氦气液化器的预冷阶段
  • liquid air energy storage (LAES)

专利:

  • GB189524525A
  • DE88824

潜在创新理念

  • 用于偏远医疗机构的便携式氧气发生器
  • 磁悬浮运输系统的闭环低温冷却
  • 用于农业的小型氮液化器(例如精液冷冻保存)
  • enhanced oil recovery systems using liquefied nitrogen injection
  • 低温加工可改善难加工材料的表面光洁度
  • 用于电网规模电力平衡的液态空气储能(LAES)系统
  • 具有更精细温度控制的先进冷冻手术工具
  • 用于火箭推进剂装载的按需液化系统
  • 低温冷冻食品,确保优质保存
  • compact 空气分离 units for aircraft onboard oxygen generation (OBOGS)
Related to: Hampson-Linde cycle, regenerative cooling, Joule-Thomson effect, liquefaction, cryogenics, air separation, heat exchanger, Carl von Linde, throttling, counter-flow.

历史背景

汉普森-林德循环

1889
1890
1890
1895
1895
1899
1900
1889
1890
1890
1895
1895
1896
1900
1900

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

第十年 周年纪念日

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