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햄슨-린데 사이클

1895
  • William Hampson
  • Carl von Linde
Industrial gas liquefaction facility utilizing the Hampson-Linde cycle for cryogenics.

(설명을 위한 생성된 이미지입니다)

The Hampson-Linde cycle liquefies gases like air using the Joule-Thomson effect combined with regenerative cooling. High-pressure gas is cooled in a counter-flow heat exchanger by the cold, low-pressure gas returning from the expansion valve. This progressively lowers the temperature at the valve until it drops below the critical point and liquefaction begins, forming the basis for the modern gas liquefaction industry.

Independently developed by William Hampson in Britain and Carl von Linde in Germany, this cycle represented a major breakthrough. Its elegance lies in its simplicity and self-reinforcing nature. The key component is the regenerative heat exchanger, typically a set of coiled pipes. Incoming high-pressure gas flows through an inner pipe, while the cold, expanded gas from the 줄-톰슨 valve flows back over the outside of this pipe. This counter-flow arrangement ensures the incoming gas is continuously pre-cooled by the coldest available return gas. With each pass, the temperature of the gas entering the expansion valve drops further. Eventually, the temperature falls below the gas’s inversion temperature, and the Joule-Thomson expansion produces significant cooling. This cooling is carried back through the heat exchanger, creating a positive feedback loop until the temperature is low enough for a fraction of the gas to condense into a liquid upon expansion. This process made the large-scale, commercial production of liquid air feasible for the first time.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2212
열역학

유형

열역학적 사이클

분열

상당한

용법

널리 사용됨

전구체

  • 줄-톰슨 효과 (줄과 톰슨)
  • 역류 열교환의 개념
  • 지멘스의 재생 냉각 원리(용광로용으로 개발됨)
  • 고압 압축 기술의 발전

응용 프로그램

  • 액체 공기, 질소, 산소 및 아르곤의 산업적 생산
  • 기체 액화용 표준 실험실 장비
  • cryogenics research
  • 수소 및 헬륨 액화기의 예냉 단계
  • liquid air energy storage (LAES)

특허:

  • GB189524525A
  • DE88824

잠재적 혁신 아이디어

  • portable oxygen generators for remote medical facilities
  • closed-loop cryogenic cooling for magnetic levitation (maglev) transport systems
  • small-scale nitrogen liquefiers for agricultural use (e.g., cryopreservation of semen)
  • enhanced oil recovery systems using liquefied nitrogen injection
  • cryogenic machining for improved surface finish on difficult materials
  • liquid air energy storage (LAES) systems for grid-scale power balancing
  • advanced cryosurgery tools with finer temperature control
  • on-demand liquefaction systems for rocket propellant loading
  • cryogenic food freezing for superior quality preservation
  • compact 공기 분리 units for aircraft onboard oxygen generation (OBOGS)
Related to: Hampson-Linde cycle, regenerative cooling, Joule-Thomson effect, liquefaction, cryogenics, air separation, heat exchanger, Carl von Linde, throttling, counter-flow.

역사적 맥락

햄슨-린데 사이클

1889
1890
1890
1895
1895
1899
1900
1889
1890
1890
1895
1895
1896
1900
1900

(날짜를 알 수 없거나 관련이 없는 경우, 예를 들어 "유체역학"의 경우, 주목할 만한 등장 시기를 대략적으로 추정하여 제공합니다.)

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