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クロード法による液化

1902
  • Georges Claude
Gas liquefaction plant utilizing the Claude process for industrial applications.

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クロードプロセスは、 Hampson-Linde cycle by incorporating an expansion engine or turbine. A portion of the compressed gas does work in an expander, causing a much larger temperature drop (nearly isentropic expansion) than Joule-Thomson expansion alone. This provides more efficient cooling, making it the dominant method for large-scale gas liquefaction and separation today.

Georges Claude recognized the thermodynamic inefficiency of relying solely on the isenthalpic ジュール・トムソン効果. He reasoned that making the gas perform external work during expansion would extract more energy and thus produce a greater cooling effect. In his system, the main stream of high-pressure gas is split. One part goes to an expansion engine, where it cools significantly while producing work. This extremely cold gas is then used to pre-cool the other part of the high-pressure stream in a heat exchanger. This second stream then undergoes a final Joule-Thomson expansion to produce the liquid. By combining the bulk cooling from the expander with the final-stage liquefaction from the J-T valve, the Claude cycle achieves higher efficiency and can operate at lower initial pressures than the Linde cycle. The work produced by the expander can also be recovered to help power the initial compressor, further improving overall efficiency. This principle is fundamental to virtually all modern large-scale cryogenic plants.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2212
熱力学

タイプ

熱力学サイクル

混乱

増分

使用法

広く普及している

前駆物質

  • Hampson-Linde Cycle
  • Brayton cycle (熱力学 basis for the expansion engine)
  • ジュール・トムソン効果
  • 信頼性の高い高速膨張エンジンおよびタービンの開発

アプリケーション

  • 大規模な工業 空気分離 ユニット(ASU)
  • production of liquid nitrogen, oxygen, and argon
  • ヘリウムおよび水素液化プラント
  • liquefied natural gas (LNG) production
  • 天然ガス処理におけるターボエキスパンダー

特許:

  • FR324949A

潜在的なイノベーションのアイデア

  • turboexpanders for geothermal power generation
  • 極低温 二酸化炭素回収 technologies using the claude cycle principle
  • integrated liquefaction and power generation cycles for LNG facilities
  • closed-brayton-cycle cryocoolers for space applications
  • advanced hydrogen liquefiers for fueling stations and transport
  • small-scale, high-efficiency helium liquefiers for MRI magnets
  • cryogenic energy storage systems utilizing claude cycle principles
  • air separation units powered by renewable energy sources
  • next-generation LNG processes with mixed-fluid cascade and claude cycles
  • mobile nitrogen plants for oil and gas well servicing
Related to: Claude process, expansion engine, liquefaction, cryogenics, air separation, Georges Claude, isentropic expansion, thermodynamics, efficiency, LNG.

歴史的背景

クロード法による液化

1900
1900
1902
1902
1907
1909
1910
1900
1900
1900-12-14
1902
1904
1907
1909
1910

(日付が不明または関連性がない場合、例えば「流体力学」などでは、その注目すべき出現時期の概算値が提示されます。)

10年目 周年

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