这种由拉乌尔·皮克泰(Raoul Pictet)首创的气体液化工艺,利用一系列沸点逐渐降低的其他气体来液化目标气体。第一种气体通过以下方式液化: 压力 在环境温度下。然后利用其蒸发来冷却和液化第二种更易挥发的气体,而这种气体又反过来用于冷却和液化目标气体,从而形成“级联”冷却过程。

(图片仅供参考)
这种由拉乌尔·皮克泰(Raoul Pictet)首创的气体液化工艺,利用一系列沸点逐渐降低的其他气体来液化目标气体。第一种气体通过以下方式液化: 压力 在环境温度下。然后利用其蒸发来冷却和液化第二种更易挥发的气体,而这种气体又反过来用于冷却和液化目标气体,从而形成“级联”冷却过程。
Raoul Pictet’s apparatus in 1877 was a landmark achievement. He used sulfur dioxide (SO2), which liquefies at -10 °C under pressure, as the first stage. By allowing the liquid SO2 to evaporate, he cooled carbon dioxide (CO2) below its critical temperature, allowing it to be liquefied. The evaporating liquid CO2, which boils at -78 °C, then provided the intense cold needed to cool oxygen gas below its critical temperature (-118 °C). By subjecting this cold oxygen gas to very high pressure, Pictet produced the first visible droplets of liquid oxygen. Louis Paul Cailletet achieved a similar result independently at the same time using a different method. The cascade method is thermodynamically efficient but complex, requiring multiple refrigeration circuits with different refrigerants. It was a crucial step before the development of more integrated systems like the Hampson-Linde cycle, and its principles are still applied in modern multi-stage refrigeration cycles, particularly in large-scale LNG production.
天然气液化级联工艺
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