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克劳德液化法

1902
  • Georges Claude
Gas liquefaction plant utilizing the Claude process for industrial applications.

(图片仅供参考)

The Claude process improves upon the Hampson-Linde cycle by incorporating an expansion engine or turbine. A portion of the compressed gas does work in an expander, causing a much larger temperature drop (nearly isentropic expansion) than Joule-Thomson expansion alone. This provides more efficient cooling, making it the dominant method for large-scale gas liquefaction and separation today.

乔治·克劳德认识到仅仅依靠等焓理论的热力学效率低下。 焦耳-汤姆逊效应. He reasoned that making the gas perform external work during expansion would extract more energy and thus produce a greater cooling effect. In his system, the main stream of high-pressure gas is split. One part goes to an expansion engine, where it cools significantly while producing work. This extremely cold gas is then used to pre-cool the other part of the high-pressure stream in a heat exchanger. This second stream then undergoes a final Joule-Thomson expansion to produce the liquid. By combining the bulk cooling from the expander with the final-stage liquefaction from the J-T valve, the Claude cycle achieves higher efficiency and can operate at lower initial pressures than the Linde cycle. The work produced by the expander can also be recovered to help power the initial compressor, further improving overall efficiency. This principle is fundamental to virtually all modern large-scale cryogenic plants.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2212
– Thermodynamics

类型

Thermodynamic Cycle

中断

Incremental

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • Hampson-Linde Cycle
  • 布雷顿循环(热力学 (扩展引擎的基础)
  • 焦耳-汤姆逊效应
  • 开发可靠的高速膨胀发动机和涡轮机

应用程序

  • large-scale industrial air separation units (ASUs)
  • 液氮、液氧和液氩的生产
  • 氦气和氢气液化工厂
  • liquefied natural gas (LNG) production
  • 天然气加工中的透平膨胀机

专利:

  • FR324949A

潜在创新理念

  • 地热发电用透平膨胀机
  • 低温 碳捕获 technologies using the claude cycle principle
  • 液化天然气设施的液化和发电一体化循环
  • 用于空间应用的闭式布雷顿循环制冷机
  • 用于加油站和运输的先进氢气液化器
  • 用于 MRI 磁体的小型高效氦液化器
  • 利用克劳德循环原理的低温储能系统
  • 由可再生能源驱动的空气分离装置
  • 采用混合流体级联和克劳德循环的下一代液化天然气工艺
  • 用于油气井服务的移动氮气设备
Related to: Claude process, expansion engine, liquefaction, cryogenics, air separation, Georges Claude, isentropic expansion, thermodynamics, efficiency, LNG.

历史背景

克劳德液化法

1900
1900
1902
1902
1907
1909
1910
1900
1900
1900-12-14
1902
1904
1907
1909
1910

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

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