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Bioenergie mit Kohlenstoffabscheidung und -speicherung (BECCS)

2000
Bioenergieanlage mit Biomasseverarbeitung und Kohlenstoffabscheidungstechnologie im Bereich der Energietechnik.

(Abbildung dient nur zur Veranschaulichung)

A negative emissions technology that combines bioenergy production with Kohlenstoffabscheidung and storage. Biomass, which absorbs atmospheric CO2 as it grows, is combusted or processed to generate energy (electricity, heat, or biofuels). The resulting CO2 emissions from this process are then captured and permanently stored, typically in geological formations, resulting in a net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere.

BECCS is considered a cornerstone technology in many climate models that aim to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C. Its potential to generate ‘negative emissions’ is critical for offsetting residual emissions from hard-to-abate sectors like aviation and agriculture. The process begins with the cultivation of biomass, such as fast-growing trees, switchgrass, or agricultural residues. As this biomass grows, it absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere through Photosynthese.

The harvested biomass is then transported to a facility where it is used as fuel. This can involve direct combustion in a power plant to generate electricity, gasification to produce syngas, or fermentation to create biofuels like ethanol. During these processes, a concentrated stream of CO2 is produced. This CO2 is then captured using standard carbon capture technologies (e.g., amine scrubbing), compressed, and transported for long-term geological sequestration.

Despite its theoretical potential, BECCS faces significant challenges and controversies. The primary concern is the scale of land required to grow the necessary biomass, which could compete with food production, drive deforestation, and negatively impact Biodiversität. The sustainability of the entire supply chain, including emissions from fertilizers, harvesting, and transportation, must be carefully managed to ensure that the process is genuinely carbon-negative. Water consumption for irrigating energy crops is another major constraint in many regions.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 3322
– Energietechnik

Typ

Energy Generation Process

Störung

Wesentliche

Verwendung

Nische/Spezialisiert

Vorläufer

  • Entwicklung der Biomasse-Stromerzeugungstechnologie
  • Fortschritte bei der Kohlenstoffabscheidungstechnologie für fossile Brennstoffkraftwerke
  • understanding of the global carbon cycle and photosynthesis
  • Prinzipien geological sequestration
  • Agrarwissenschaften für den Anbau von Energiepflanzen

Anwendungen

  • Ethanol-Produktionsanlagen, die das bei der Fermentation entstehende CO2 zur Speicherung auffangen (z. B. die Anlage von Archer Daniels Midland in Illinois)
  • biomass-fueled power plants retrofitted with Kohlenstoffabscheidung Technologie
  • integrated climate mitigation models used by the intergovernmental panel on Klimawandel (IPCC)
  • production of carbon-negative hydrogen from biomass gasification with CCS

Patente:

NA

Potenzielle Innovationsideen

  • using marine biomass like algae or kelp for BECCS to avoid land-use conflicts
  • integrating BECCS with biochar production, where part of the biomass becomes biochar and the rest is used for energy
  • developing genetically engineered crops with higher carbon content and lower water requirements
  • co-firing biomass with municipal solid waste in BECCS plants to address waste management
  • using vertical farming and hydroponics to grow biomass with a smaller land footprint
  • creating small-scale, modular BECCS systems for rural communities using local agricultural waste
  • pairing BECCS with Direkte Luftabscheidung to maximize negative emissions per unit of land
  • utilizing biomass gasification to produce pure hydrogen and a concentrated CO2 stream for easier capture
  • developing agroforestry systems that combine food production with sustainable biomass for BECCS
  • creating a robust certification system to ensure the sustainability and carbon negativity of BECCS projects
Related to: BECCS, bio-energy, carbon capture and storage, negative emissions, biomass, climate mitigation, land use, net-zero, IPCC, biofuel.

Historischer Kontext

Bioenergie mit Kohlenstoffabscheidung und -speicherung (BECCS)

1999
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2010
1998
1999-05-01
2000
2000
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2002
2010
2013

(wenn das Datum unbekannt oder nicht relevant ist, z. B. „Strömungsmechanik“, wird eine gerundete Schätzung seines bemerkenswerten Auftretens bereitgestellt)

10. Jahr Jubiläum

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