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A negative emissions technology that combines bioenergy production with 碳捕获 and storage. Biomass, which absorbs atmospheric CO2 as it grows, is combusted or processed to generate energy (electricity, heat, or biofuels). The resulting CO2 emissions from this process are then captured and permanently stored, typically in geological formations, resulting in a net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere.
BECCS is considered a cornerstone technology in many climate models that aim to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C. Its potential to generate ‘negative emissions’ is critical for offsetting residual emissions from hard-to-abate sectors like aviation and agriculture. The process begins with the cultivation of biomass, such as fast-growing trees, switchgrass, or agricultural residues. As this biomass grows, it absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere through 光合作用.
收获的生物质随后被运送到用作燃料的设施。这包括在发电厂直接燃烧发电、气化生产合成气，或发酵生产乙醇等生物燃料。在这些过程中，会产生浓缩的二氧化碳。然后，这些二氧化碳将使用标准的碳捕获技术（例如胺洗涤）进行捕获、压缩并运输，以进行长期地质封存。
Despite its theoretical potential, BECCS faces significant challenges and controversies. The primary concern is the scale of land required to grow the necessary biomass, which could compete with food production, drive deforestation, and negatively impact 生物多样性. The sustainability of the entire supply chain, including emissions from fertilizers, harvesting, and transportation, must be carefully managed to ensure that the process is genuinely carbon-negative. Water consumption for irrigating energy crops is another major constraint in many regions.
生物能源与碳捕获和储存（BECCS）
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