锂离子(Li-ion)电池是一种可充电电池,其中 锂 放电时,离子从负极(阳极)经电解液移动到正极(阴极);充电时则返回负极。该电池通常采用插层锂化合物作为阴极材料,阳极材料通常为石墨。锂的高反应活性使其具有高能量密度。

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锂离子(Li-ion)电池是一种可充电电池,其中 锂 放电时,离子从负极(阳极)经电解液移动到正极(阴极);充电时则返回负极。该电池通常采用插层锂化合物作为阴极材料,阳极材料通常为石墨。锂的高反应活性使其具有高能量密度。
The operation of a Li-ion battery is based on the concept of intercalation, where ions are reversibly inserted into a host material without significantly changing the host’s structure. During discharge, lithium atoms at the graphite anode are ionized, releasing an electron and a lithium ion ([latex]Li rightarrow Li^+ + e^-[/latex]). The electrons travel through the external circuit, providing power, while the lithium ions migrate through the electrolyte and separator to the cathode. At the cathode, they are intercalated into the crystal structure of the cathode material (e.g., Lithium Cobalt Oxide, [latex]LiCoO_2[/latex]). The overall reaction for a [latex]LiCoO_2[/latex] cathode and graphite ([latex]C_6[/latex]) anode is: [latex]Li_x C_6 + Li_{1-x} CoO_2 leftrightarrow C_6 + LiCoO_2[/latex]. The process is reversed during charging. The choice of materials for the anode, cathode, and electrolyte is crucial for the battery’s performance, including its energy density, power density, 寿命, and safety. John Goodenough’s contribution in the 1980s was identifying [latex]LiCoO_2[/latex] as a suitable cathode material, which significantly increased the potential voltage compared to earlier designs by M. Stanley Whittingham. Akira Yoshino later developed a safer anode using petroleum coke and then graphite, creating the first commercially viable and safe Li-ion battery.
锂离子电池电化学
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