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锂离子电池电化学

1985
  • M. Stanley Whittingham
  • John B. Goodenough
  • Akira Yoshino
实验室中进行电化学测试的锂离子电池组件。.

(图片仅供参考)

锂离子(Li-ion)电池是一种可充电电池,其中 锂 放电时,离子从负极(阳极)经电解液移动到正极(阴极);充电时则返回负极。该电池通常采用插层锂化合物作为阴极材料,阳极材料通常为石墨。锂的高反应活性使其具有高能量密度。

The operation of a Li-ion battery is based on the concept of intercalation, where ions are reversibly inserted into a host material without significantly changing the host’s structure. During discharge, lithium atoms at the graphite anode are ionized, releasing an electron and a lithium ion ([latex]Li rightarrow Li^+ + e^-[/latex]). The electrons travel through the external circuit, providing power, while the lithium ions migrate through the electrolyte and separator to the cathode. At the cathode, they are intercalated into the crystal structure of the cathode material (e.g., Lithium Cobalt Oxide, [latex]LiCoO_2[/latex]). The overall reaction for a [latex]LiCoO_2[/latex] cathode and graphite ([latex]C_6[/latex]) anode is: [latex]Li_x C_6 + Li_{1-x} CoO_2 leftrightarrow C_6 + LiCoO_2[/latex]. The process is reversed during charging. The choice of materials for the anode, cathode, and electrolyte is crucial for the battery’s performance, including its energy density, power density, 寿命, and safety. John Goodenough’s contribution in the 1980s was identifying [latex]LiCoO_2[/latex] as a suitable cathode material, which significantly increased the potential voltage compared to earlier designs by M. Stanley Whittingham. Akira Yoshino later developed a safer anode using petroleum coke and then graphite, creating the first commercially viable and safe Li-ion battery.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2203
- 物理化学

类型

化学过程

中断

革命

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • discovery of 锂 by johan august arfwedson (1817)
  • 发展 伏打桩 亚历山德罗·伏特(1800 年)
  • 插层化学的概念
  • 20 世纪 70 年代锂电池研究

应用程序

  • 智能手机和笔记本电脑
  • 电动汽车(evs)
  • 电网规模储能系统
  • 无绳电动工具
  • 医疗器械
  • 航空航天应用

专利:

  • US4357215A
  • JP2667902B2

潜在创新理念

  • 固态电解质可提高安全性和能量密度
  • 硅阳极可实现更高容量
  • 锂硫电池理论上具有更高的能量密度
  • 石墨烯增强电极可实现更快的充电
  • 人工智能电池管理系统(BMS),可优化性能和使用寿命
  • 回收过程以回收钴和锂等有价值的材料
  • 自修复电池材料
  • transparent and flexible batteries for 可穿戴 电子学
  • sodium-ion batteries as a low-cost alternative
  • 集成到车辆底盘的结构电池
相关术语:锂离子电池、电化学、插层、阳极、阴极、电解质、能量密度、可充电电池、电动汽车。

历史背景

锂离子电池电化学

1980
1980
1984
1985
1986
1990
1993-01-01
1980
1980
1980
1984
1986
1986
1991
1994

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

第十年 周年纪念日

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