Neodymium magnets are the strongest type of permanent magnet commercially available. They are a ternary 合金 由钕、铁和硼组成,化学计量式为 Nd2Fe14B。这种材料的各向异性和饱和磁化率都很高,其巨大的磁性源于其四方晶体结构。不过,它们比较脆,易受腐蚀,居里温度较低。.

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Neodymium magnets are the strongest type of permanent magnet commercially available. They are a ternary 合金 由钕、铁和硼组成,化学计量式为 Nd2Fe14B。这种材料的各向异性和饱和磁化率都很高,其巨大的磁性源于其四方晶体结构。不过,它们比较脆,易受腐蚀,居里温度较低。.
钕磁铁的卓越性能源于其独特晶体结构中每个组成元素所发挥的特殊作用。这种化合物形成一个四方晶格,分子式为 [latex]Nd_2Fe_{14}B[/latex]。在这种结构中,铁(Fe)原子具有非常高的饱和磁化率,这意味着这种材料可以保持很强的磁场。钕(Nd)是一种 稀土元素, 这对于提供极高的磁晶各向异性至关重要。这意味着晶体具有优先磁化轴,使其很难退磁。硼(B)原子不会直接产生磁性,但对稳定这种特殊的四方相、防止形成其他磁性较差的铁钕化合物至关重要。.
There are two primary manufacturing methods. Sintered 钕铁硼 magnets are produced by powder metallurgy. The raw alloy is milled into a fine powder, which is then aligned in a strong magnetic field, pressed, and heated (sintered) to fuse the particles together. This process creates the strongest, highest-grade magnets but results in a hard, brittle product. Bonded NdFeB magnets are made by mixing the magnetic powder with a polymer binder, which can then be injection-molded or compression-molded into complex shapes. Bonded magnets are weaker than their sintered counterparts but offer greater design flexibility and corrosion resistance. To improve performance at higher temperatures, small amounts of other rare earths like dysprosium (Dy) or terbium (Tb) are often added to increase the material’s coercivity.
钕磁铁
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