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带隙能量和发射波长

1960
Semiconductor analysis in solid state physics with LED light emission.

(图片仅供参考)

由……发出的光的颜色 引领 is determined by the semiconductor’s band gap energy ([latex]E_g[/latex]). The energy of the emitted photon is approximately equal to [latex]E_g[/latex]. This energy is inversely proportional to the wavelength ([latex]\lambda[/latex]) of the light, according to the Planck-Einstein relation [latex]E_g \approx hf = \frac{hc}{\lambda}[/latex]. By engineering alloys, the band gap can be precisely tuned to produce different colors.

控制LED颜色的能力是量子力学和固态物理学的直接应用。半导体中价带和导带之间的能量差被称为“带隙”。电子要与空穴复合并发射光子,就必须跃迁到这个带隙中。因此,发射光子的能量与带隙的大小密切相关。

Scientists can ‘engineer’ the band gap by creating compound semiconductor alloys. For example, in Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP), the ratio of arsenic to phosphorus can be varied to change the band gap and thus tune the emitted color from infrared (pure GaAs) to red. Similarly, Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN) alloys are used for blue, green, and cyan LEDs, where the indium-to-gallium ratio determines the exact color. This precise control over material composition allows for the creation of LEDs across the entire visible spectrum, as well as in the infrared and 紫外线 ranges, which was impossible with previous lighting 技术.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2211
– Solid state physics

类型

Physical Property

中断

重大的

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • 普朗克关系式(e=hf)
  • 爱因斯坦关于光电效应的研究
  • 半导体晶体生长技术(如外延生长)的发展
  • 费利克斯·布洛赫等人发展了固体能带理论

应用程序

  • 电视和显示器的RGB显示屏
  • 具有特定光谱的园艺植物生长灯
  • 多色指示灯
  • 汽车内饰和外饰照明
  • 医用光疗设备

专利:

NA

潜在创新理念

  • tunable leds that can change color on demand for mood lighting
  • led-based chemical sensors where material interaction alters the band gap and color
  • ultra-wide bandgap leds for deep uv sterilization
  • narrow-bandgap leds for efficient infrared thermal imaging
  • leds made from novel 2d materials with electrically tunable band gaps
  • perovskite-based leds offering high efficiency and color purity
  • leds designed to emit specific wavelengths for activating photo-catalysts
  • multi-junction leds with several band gaps in one device for broad-spectrum emission
  • pressure-sensitive leds whose emission color changes with applied mechanical stress
  • leds using quantum confinement effects in nanocrystals to tune color
Related to: band gap, wavelength, photon energy, semiconductor alloy, Planck-Einstein relation, color tuning, quantum mechanics, gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, optoelectronics.

历史背景

带隙能量和发射波长

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1960-05-16
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1963

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

第十年 周年纪念日

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