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过氧草酸化学发光

1960
  • Michael M. Rauhut
有机化学中过氧草酸酯化学发光反应的实验室装置。

(图片仅供参考)

这是 chemical process 荧光棒发光的原理是:二芳基草酸酯(例如草酸二苯酯)在荧光染料(荧光团)存在下与过氧化氢发生反应。该反应生成一种 高能 化学中间体随后将其能量传递给染料分子。受激发的染料分子随后弛豫,并释放出特定颜色的光子。

The peroxyoxalate reaction is one of the most efficient non-biological chemiluminescent processes known, with quantum yields reaching up to 23%. The mechanism is complex but is believed to involve the formation of a highly unstable, high-energy intermediate, often proposed to be 1,2-dioxetanedione ([latex]C_2O_4[/latex]). This intermediate is generated from the reaction between the oxalate ester and hydrogen peroxide. The key step is the chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL). The unstable intermediate transfers an electron to the nearby fluorophore, causing the intermediate to fragment (into two molecules of [latex]CO_2[/latex]) and the fluorophore to become a radical cation. An immediate back-electron transfer from the fragmented intermediate to the fluorophore radical cation generates the fluorophore in an electronically excited state. This excited fluorophore then emits light. The color of the light is determined entirely by the choice of fluorophore (e.g., 9,10-diphenylanthracene for blue, rhodamine B for red), not by the primary oxalate reaction. This allows for the production of a wide spectrum of colors simply by changing the dye additive.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2203
– Organic chemistry

类型

化学过程

中断

重大的

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • 草酸酯的合成
  • 荧光和荧光团的发现和理解
  • 涉及高能中间体的反应机理研究
  • 活性化学品安全包装的工业化学开发

应用程序

  • 应急照​​明(荧光棒)
  • 军事应用:标记和照明
  • 娱乐用途(聚会、音乐会)
  • 深海鱼饵
  • 分析化学技术

专利:

  • US3597362

潜在创新理念

  • 用于黑暗环境下基础设施检查的长时化学发光标记物
  • 自发光医用导管,可在手术过程中提供更好的可视性
  • 可生物降解的荧光棒,减少对环境的影响
  • 化学发光薄膜在机械应力作用下激活,指示材料疲劳
  • 通过顺序反应启动控制的多色、图案变化的荧光棒
  • 断电时自动启动的紧急标志
  • 编织成安全服的化学发光线
  • 含有可食用、发光成分的新奇食品(例如蛋糕糖霜)
  • 用于搜索和救援标记的可喷涂化学发光泡沫
  • 温度敏感的荧光棒,其颜色或强度随环境温度而变化
Related to: peroxyoxalate, chemiluminescence, glow stick, light stick, diphenyl oxalate, hydrogen peroxide, fluorophore, CIEEL, 1,2-dioxetanedione, quantum yield.

历史背景

过氧草酸化学发光

1960
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1960-05-16
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1961

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

第十年 周年纪念日

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