Q开关是一种产生高强度、短脉冲激光的技术。其工作原理是暂时抑制激光活动,使增益介质通过粒子数反转储存大量能量。然后,激光器的品质因子(Q值)迅速切换到高值,导致储存的能量以单个强大的纳秒脉冲的形式释放出来。

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Q开关是一种产生高强度、短脉冲激光的技术。其工作原理是暂时抑制激光活动,使增益介质通过粒子数反转储存大量能量。然后,激光器的品质因子(Q值)迅速切换到高值,导致储存的能量以单个强大的纳秒脉冲的形式释放出来。
The term ‘Q-switching’ refers to the modulation of the quality factor (Q-factor) of the laser’s 光学谐振器. The Q-factor is a measure of the energy storage capability of the resonator; a high Q-factor means low loss, while a low Q-factor means high loss. The Q-switching process involves two stages. First, the Q-factor of the cavity is deliberately kept low (high loss) while the gain medium is being pumped. This prevents the buildup of stimulated emission and stops lasing from starting, even though a very large population inversion is being created. The gain medium acts as an energy storage capacitor.
当增益介质中储存了最大可能的能量后,品质因数(Q值)会突然切换到高值(低损耗)。这是通过放置在谐振腔内的Q开关器件实现的。由于损耗此时非常低,光增益远远超过激光阈值。谐振腔内自发辐射的强光子场会迅速触发大规模的受激辐射级联,几乎瞬间耗尽增益介质中储存的能量。这会导致发射出一个峰值功率极高(兆瓦到吉瓦级)、持续时间极短(通常在纳秒量级)的巨型光脉冲。常见的Q开关器件包括旋转镜(最初的方法)、声光调制器和电光调制器(泡克尔斯盒)。
Q开关(激光器)
(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)
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