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钛种植体的骨整合

1965
  • Per-Ingvar Brånemark
在生物医学工程中展示骨结合的钛牙种植体手术植入。

(图片仅供参考)

骨整合是指活体骨骼与承重人工植入物表面之间的直接结构和功能连接,该植入物通常由 钛. 该现象由佩尔-英瓦尔·布朗马克发现,其特点在于骨-植入物界面处不会形成纤维软组织,从而为牙科植入物和人工关节等假体创造了稳定持久的锚定基础。.

The discovery of osseointegration was serendipitous. In the 1950s, Per-Ingvar Brånemark was studying blood flow in rabbit fibula using an optical chamber with a 钛 frame. When he tried to remove the chamber, he found the bone had grown so intimately into the titanium that it was impossible to separate. This led to the realization that titanium, unlike other materials, was not rejected by the body and could fuse directly with bone. The key to this process is the formation of a titanium dioxide layer on the implant’s surface upon exposure to air. This oxide layer is highly biocompatible and allows bone-forming cells, or osteoblasts, to attach and deposit new bone matrix directly onto the implant surface. For successful osseointegration, several conditions must be met: the implant must be made of a biocompatible material (like commercially pure titanium), it must be machined with a specific surface topography, it must be placed with minimal trauma to the bone, and it must remain immobile and unloaded during the initial healing period. This process has revolutionized dentistry and orthopedics, providing a stable foundation for replacing missing teeth and limbs with a high degree of success and 长寿.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 3201
– 生物医学工程

类型

生物过程

中断

革命

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • 威廉·格雷戈尔于 1791 年发现钛
  • 无菌手术技术的发展
  • 观察组织-植入物界面的显微镜技术进展
  • 骨愈合和再生研究

应用程序

  • 牙种植体
  • 骨锚式助听器(BAHA)
  • 关节置换假体(髋关节、膝关节)
  • 直接附着在骨头上的截肢假肢
  • 用于面部重建的颅面假体

专利:

  • US4172320A

潜在创新理念

  • 表面改性植入物(例如喷砂、酸蚀)以加速骨整合
  • 具有纳米纹理表面的植入物可引导细胞生长
  • 用于监测骨应变和愈合的骨整合传感器
  • 带有神经接口的骨整合机器人肢体
  • 药物洗脱骨整合植入物输送生长因子
  • 脊柱融合手术的骨整合技术
  • 3D打印多孔钛植入物模仿骨骼结构
  • 氧化锆基植入物作为骨整合的非金属替代品
  • 基于增强骨整合的牙种植体即刻负重方案
  • 用于正畸治疗的骨整合锚
Related to: osseointegration, titanium, Per-Ingvar Brånemark, dental implant, bone integration, 生物相容性, prosthesis, orthopedics, titanium dioxide, osteoblast.

历史背景

钛种植体的骨整合

1960
1965
1970
1980
1980
1990
1960
1960
1969
1976-05-28
1980
1990

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

第十年 周年纪念日

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