最新の出版物：熱力学に関する特許

This week: multiscale entropy, spectral power, age, sex, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, hippocampus, reliability assessment, intra-class effect decomposition, CFD, heat transfer, hydrogen tanks, turbulence, thermal management, heat exchange, phase change material, thermal modulation, heat transfer, transfer line exchanger, double pipe exchanger, steam cracking furnace, quantization, multilayer model, optimization, entropy, adiabatic, inductor, soft-switching, PWM, rotating bit, integral washer, heat transfer, manufacturing process

10月 25, 2026

腐食, エネルギー, 材料, 機械工学, シミュレーション, 熱力学

ヒント：以下の選択肢に加えて、2つのデータベース全体を検索およびフィルタリングできます。

> 無料の出版物検索ツール < 著者、トピック、キーワード、日付、または雑誌名で検索できます。

> 無料特許検索ツール < 欧州特許庁の英語による特許情報。

これは、熱力学に関する世界中の英語の出版物と特許の最新セレクションです。多数のオンライン科学ジャーナルから、熱力学、熱伝達、エントロピー、エンタルピー、比熱、ギブズ、断熱、カルノー、内部エネルギーといった項目に分類し、重点的に取り上げています。

Interactions between age and sex in multiscale entropy and spectral power changes across the lifespan

Published on 2026-10-22 by @MIT

Abstract: AbstractMultiscale entropy (MSE) changes in relation to age, whereby ageing is associated with an increasing bias towards fine scale entropy. This change is thought to represent a shift towards localized information processing in the brain as we age. However, this relationship has not been tested in large sample sizes alongside other demographic factors and cognitive behaviours. This study aimed to replicate previously reported effects of ageing on MSE in an open access database (Cambridge Centr[...]

Our summary: This study investigates the interactions between age and sex on multiscale entropy and spectral power changes. It finds that aging is linked to increased fine scale entropy and altered spectral characteristics, with variations based on sex. The research highlights the importance of entropy measures in understanding cognitive processing changes across the lifespan.

multiscale entropy, spectral power, age, sex

Publication

Assessing the reliability of hippocampal single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy through intra-class effect decomposition

Published on 2026-10-16 by @MIT

Abstract: AbstractThe hippocampus is crucial for learning, memory, and stress regulation, but is vulnerable to influences that compromise its structural and metabolic integrity. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) enables in vivo quantification of hippocampal neurochemistry, yet the absolute and relative reliability of these measures has rarely been systematically evaluated. We assessed hippocampal metabolite estimates acquired with single-voxel MRS using a semi-adiabatic localization by adiabati[...]

Our summary: This study evaluates the reliability of hippocampal metabolite estimates using single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Absolute reliability was found to be high for several metabolites, while relative reliability varied significantly. Methodological improvements are suggested to enhance the reliability for individual-level applications.

magnetic resonance spectroscopy, hippocampus, reliability assessment, intra-class effect decomposition

Publication

CFD simulation of enhanced heat transfer and fluid flow during rotational charging of internally finned hydrogen tanks

Published on 2026-10-15 by @OXFORD

Abstract: Abstract High-pressure filling operations in portly-volume Type IV composite storage hydrogen tanks bring about overheating problems that can put the tank structure at risk due to sudden compression of the gas and the Joule–Thomson phenomenon. In this research, with the help of a time-dependent computational fluid dynamics method, an active rotational mixing method was tested to accelerate convection heat conduction in a hydrogen tank with an internal volume of 18.04 m3 and internal fins thro[...]

Our summary: This study investigates the impact of rotational mixing on heat transfer during hydrogen tank charging. A computational fluid dynamics approach was utilized to analyze temperature and density changes at varying rotation speeds. Findings indicate an optimal rotation speed of 30 rad/s significantly improves thermal performance while minimizing overheating risks.

CFD, heat transfer, hydrogen tanks, turbulence

Publication

Regenerative thermal management system with multi-bay heat exchange and controlled thermal modulation

Patent published on the 2026-10-15 in WO under Ref WO2026217816 by HEALIXA IQ INC [US] (Parker Ian [us], Kaminski Kristopher [au])

Abstract: A thermal management system for controlled cooling and/or heating is disclosed. The system comprises a multi-domain heat exchange assembly including a plurality of thermal domains having at least one phase change material (PCM) domain, thermally responsive media domain, or both, a plurality of heat exchanger segments disposed within respective thermal domains, a valve selection manifold configured to selectively route a heat transfer fluid, and a controller configured to actuate the valve select[...]

Our summary: The system features a multi-domain heat exchange assembly with phase change materials and thermally responsive media. It includes a valve selection manifold for routing heat transfer fluid and a controller for managing heat exchanger segments. This allows for selective coupling of segments to optimize thermal energy distribution across domains.

thermal management, heat exchange, phase change material, thermal modulation

Patent

Enhanced heat transfer device of a transfer line exchanger

Patent published on the 2026-10-15 in WO under Ref WO2026217625 by SHELL INTERNATIONALE RES MAATSCHAPPIJ B V [NL] (Wang Qingqi [us])

Abstract: A transfer line exchanger (TLE) system within a steam cracking furnace includes a primary TLE comprising a double pipe exchanger having an inner tube extending linearly along an axis, the inner tube including an inner tube inlet at a first end, and an inner tube outlet at a second end. It also includes an outer tube extending coaxially with the inner tube, circumferentially covering the inner tube, and defining an annular region between the inner tube and the outer tube having an outer tube inle[...]

Our summary: The transfer line exchanger (TLE) system enhances heat transfer within a steam cracking furnace. It consists of a primary TLE with a double pipe design featuring an inner tube and an outer tube. The annular region between the tubes includes surface area enhancing features to improve efficiency.

heat transfer, transfer line exchanger, double pipe exchanger, steam cracking furnace

Patent

Information processing program and information processing device

Patent published on the 2026-10-15 in WO under Ref WO2026216020 by FUJITSU LTD [JP] (Arai Yamato [jp], Ichikawa Yuma [jp])

Abstract: An information processing device sequentially quantizes layers i of a multilayer model by using PV-Tuning. At such a time, when performing a P-Step on a certain layer i, the information processing device performs the P-Step by using an objective function including an elements that serves to reduce quantization errors accumulated up to the immediately preceding layer i-1. When performing the V-Step on a certain layer i, the information processing device performs the V-Step by means of a gradient-[...]

Our summary: The information processing device quantizes layers of a multilayer model using PV-Tuning. It reduces quantization errors from the previous layer during the P-Step and applies a gradient-based optimization with an entropy term during the V-Step. This approach minimizes performance degradation and processing time during model quantization.

quantization, multilayer model, optimization, entropy

Patent

Single adiabatic inductor linkages for soft-switching switching bridges

Patent published on the 2026-10-15 in WO under Ref WO2026215611 by WOOD JOHN [GB] (Wood John [gb])

Abstract: The object of the Single Adiabatic Inductor Linkages (SAIL) is to improve on the prior art by first dramatically reducing/eliminating the complexity of the control algorithm needed to implement soft switching of PWM power systems. By reducing the number of inductors 100 to one, cost, weight and size may be reduced. A single inductor 100 is able to support at least six phases e.g. a single inductor 100 can be used for both a 3-phase PFC input 700 and 3-phase Motor output 600 power bridges (six ph[...]

Our summary: Single Adiabatic Inductor Linkages (SAIL) simplify control algorithms for soft-switching in PWM power systems. They reduce the number of inductors needed from six to one, decreasing cost, weight, and size. A single inductor can support multiple phases, enhancing efficiency in power bridges.

adiabatic, inductor, soft-switching, PWM

Patent

Rotating bit with integral washer feature

Patent published on the 2026-10-15 in US under Ref US20260318202 by THE SOLLAMI CO [US] (Sollami Phillip [us])

Abstract: [0000] A bit including a bit body and a shank depending from a bottom of the bit body. The bit body including an integral washer portion that extends to a rear annular flange. The rear annular flange includes an undercut that is adapted to reduce heat transfer to the forward end of the bit shank, thereby preventing a reduction in hardness of the forward end of the shank when a bit tip insert is brazed to the forward end of the bit. The bit shank can include an enlarged diameter segment adjacent [...]

Our summary: The rotating bit features an integral washer that reduces heat transfer to the shank. It includes an undercut flange to maintain shank hardness during brazing. The bit can be manufactured using one or two processes for optimal performance.

rotating bit, integral washer, heat transfer, manufacturing process

Patent

取り上げるトピック： 熱力学、熱伝達、エントロピー、エンタルピー、比熱、ギブズ自由エネルギー、断熱自由エネルギー、内部エネルギー、多孔度変化、熱伝導率、耐食性、レーザークラッディング、中エントロピー合金、超伝導トンネル接合、ジョセフソンダイオード、瞬時周波数解析、マルチシンクロスクイージング変換、および故障診断。

歴史的背景

Laboratory apparatus for measuring internal energy and enthalpy of a perfect gas in thermodynamics.

理想気体の内部エネルギーとエンタルピー

理想気体の場合、内部エネルギー ([latex]U[/latex]) とエンタルピー ([latex]H[/latex]) は温度のみの関数です。それらの変化は [latex]Delta U = m c_v Delta T[/latex] および [latex]Delta H = m c_p Delta T[/latex] で与えられます。ここで、[latex]c_v[/latex] と [latex]c_p[/latex] はそれぞれ定容比熱と定圧比熱であり、一定であると仮定されます。

Researcher testing viscoelastic properties of synthetic polymer in a laboratory.

粘弾性

粘弾性とは、変形時に粘性と弾性の両方の特性を示す材料の性質のことです。蜂蜜のような粘性材料は、せん断流に抵抗し、応力が加わると時間とともに直線的に歪みます。ゴムバンドのような弾性材料は、伸ばすと歪み、応力が取り除かれるとすぐに元の状態に戻ります。粘弾性材料は、これら両方の性質を併せ持っています。

Scientist measuring sublimation in a vintage laboratory, thermodynamics study.

昇華エンタルピー

昇華エンタルピー [latex]Delta H_{text{sub}}[/latex] は、特定の温度と圧力で 1 モルの物質を固体から気体に変化させるのに必要な熱量です。ヘスの法則によれば、エンタルピーは状態関数であるため、このエネルギー変化は融解エンタルピー ([latex]Delta H_{text{fus}}[/latex]) と蒸発エンタルピー ([latex]Delta H_{text{vap}}[/latex]) の合計になります。

Engineers designing an efficient heat engine in a laboratory, illustrating thermodynamics applications.

熱力学第二法則

熱力学第二法則はエントロピーの概念を導入し、自発的な過程の方向を定義します。この法則は様々な形で表現できますが、重要な帰結として、孤立系の全エントロピーは時間とともに決して減少しないということが挙げられます。この法則は「時間の矢」を説明し、熱が高温物体から低温物体へ自発的に流れるといった過程が不可逆である理由を明らかにします。

Laboratory scene illustrating thermodynamic experiments on the Perfect Gas Model.

完全気体モデル

理想気体とは、分子間力を無視し、比熱容量（[latex]C_P[/latex]と[latex]C_V[/latex]）が温度に対して一定であると仮定した気体の理論モデルです。これにより、熱力学的計算が大幅に簡略化されます。これは、比熱が温度によって変化する理想気体の特殊なケースであり、より制約の多いモデルと言えます。

19th-century laboratory scene with Ludwig Boltzmann studying the Ideal Gas Law in statistical thermodynamics.

理想気体の法則（統計形式）

理想気体の法則の統計力学的な定式化は、気体の微視的な性質に基づいて関係性を表します。圧力（[latex]P[/latex]）と体積（[latex]V[/latex]）は、ボルツマン定数（[latex]k_B[/latex]）を介して、粒子の総数（[latex]N[/latex]）と絶対温度（[latex]T[/latex]）に関係付けられます。[latex]PV = Nk_BT[/latex]。

Current-carrying conductor experiment demonstrating Thomson Effect in thermoelectricity.

トムソン効果

トムソン効果は、電流が流れる導体の長さに沿って温度勾配が存在する場合に、その導体が加熱または冷却される現象を説明するものです。電流が温度勾配のある物質を流れると、熱が発生または吸収されます。単位長さあたりの熱発生率は、[latex]frac{dQ}{dx} = -mathcal{K} J frac{dT}{dx}[/latex]で与えられます。ここで、[latex]mathcal{K}[/latex]はトムソン係数です。

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19th century laboratory with thermodynamic instruments and Mayer's relation equations.

メイヤーの関係式（熱力学）

メイヤーの関係式は、理想気体の比熱と比気体定数（[latex]R_s[/latex]）の関係を表します。その関係式は [latex]c_p - c_v = R_s[/latex] です。モル比熱（[latex]C_p[/latex] および [latex]C_v[/latex]）については、[latex]C_p - C_v = R[/latex] の関係式となります。ここで、[latex]R[/latex] は普遍気体定数です。このことから、[latex]c_p[/latex] は常に [latex]c_v[/latex] より大きいことがわかります。

19th-century laboratory with physicists studying energy conservation principles.

エネルギー保存の法則

孤立系の全エネルギーは時間とともに一定に保たれるという基本原理。エネルギーは生成も消滅もせず、位置エネルギーから運動エネルギーのように、ある形態から別の形態へと変換されるだけである。古典力学では、保存力のみを持つ系の場合、全力学的エネルギー[latex]E = T + V[/latex]は保存される。

Laboratory setup for measuring viscosity of fluids at varying temperatures in thermodynamics.

粘度の温度依存性

ニュートン流体の場合、粘度は温度と圧力の関数であり、せん断速度の関数ではありません。液体では、温度が上昇すると粘度は著しく低下します。これは、熱エネルギーが高くなると、分子が分子間凝集力をより容易に克服できるためです。逆に、気体では、温度の上昇とともに粘度が増加します。これは、高速で分子衝突が頻繁に起こることで、運動量の伝達が大きくなるためです。

Laboratory experiment demonstrating the First Law of Thermodynamics with a heat engine setup.

熱力学第一法則

第一法則はエネルギー保存の法則を表すものです。閉鎖系の内部エネルギーの変化（ΔU）は、系に供給された熱量（Q）から系が周囲に対して行った仕事量（W）を差し引いたものに等しいとされています。支配方程式はΔU = Q - Wです。この法則は熱、仕事、内部エネルギーを結びつけ、熱がエネルギー伝達の一形態であることを確立しています。

Chemist conducting experiments with catalysts in a vintage laboratory setting, 1850.

化学平衡における触媒

触媒は、活性化エネルギーの低い代替反応経路を提供することで、正反応と逆反応の両方の反応速度を等しく増加させます。触媒によって系は平衡状態に非常に速く到達しますが、平衡の位置自体は変化しません。反応物と生成物の平衡濃度、および平衡定数Kの値は変化しません。

19th-century chemist measuring gas volumes illustrating the Ideal Gas Law in thermodynamics.

理想気体の法則（モル形式）

理想気体の法則は、仮想的な理想気体の状態方程式であり、さまざまな条件下での多くの気体の挙動を近似します。モル形式は、圧力 ([latex]P[/latex])、体積 ([latex]V[/latex])、物質のモル数 ([latex]n[/latex])、および絶対温度 ([latex]T[/latex]) を普遍気体定数 ([latex]R[/latex]) を介して関連付けます。[latex]PV = nRT[/latex]。

Laboratory apparatus for measuring vapor pressure and temperature in thermodynamics.

クラウジウス・クラペイロンの関係

クラウジウス・クラペイロンの関係式は、液体と蒸気などの相転移状態にある物質の圧力と温度の関係を表します。水蒸気の場合、飽和蒸気圧は温度とともに指数関数的に増加します。近似式は [latex]frac{dp}{dT} = frac{L}{T(V_v - V_l)} approx frac{L p}{R_v T^2}[/latex] で、L は潜熱です。