एलेक्सी अब्रिकोसोव द्वारा 1957 में सैद्धांतिक रूप से भविष्यवाणी की गई थी, जो इस पर आधारित है: गिन्ज़बर्ग-लैंडौ सिद्धांत, Type II superconductors are characterized by two critical magnetic fields, [latex]H_{c1}[/latex] and [latex]H_{c2}[/latex]. Between these fields, they enter a mixed or “vortex” state, allowing partial magnetic field penetration through quantized flux tubes called Abrikosov vortices. This allows them to remain superconducting in much higher magnetic fields than Type I superconductors.

















