Formel für die Zentrifugalkraft

This law states that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. The formula is [latex]F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}[/latex], where [latex]G[/latex] is the gravitational constant. It unified terrestrial and celestial mechanics.

In an isolated system, the total momentum remains constant. An isolated system is one not subject to external forces. This principle follows from Newton's laws of motion. For a system of particles, the total momentum [latex]\vec{p}_{\text{total}} = \sum_{i} m_i \vec{v}_i[/latex] is conserved if the net external force is zero. This is fundamental to analyzing collisions.

Coulomb's Law quantifies the electrostatic force between two stationary, electrically charged particles. The force is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The formula is [latex]F = k_e \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}[/latex]. This force can be either attractive or repulsive.

A reformulation of classical mechanics based on the principle of stationary action. It uses a scalar quantity called the Lagrangian, defined as kinetic energy minus potential energy ([latex]L = T - V[/latex]). The equations of motion are derived from the Euler-Lagrange equation, [latex]\frac{d}{dt} \left( \frac{\partial L}{\partial \dot{q}_i} \right) - \frac{\partial L}{\partial q_i} = 0[/latex], using generalized coordinates, which simplifies analysis of complex systems with constraints.

Galvanic corrosion is an electrochemical process where one metal corrodes preferentially when in electrical contact with another in the presence of an electrolyte. This occurs because the dissimilar metals create a bimetallic couple, with the less noble (more active) metal acting as the anode and corroding, while the more noble metal acts as the cathode.

A set of three physical laws forming the basis of classical mechanics. The first law (inertia) states an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net external force. The second law quantifies force as mass times acceleration, [latex]\vec{F} = m\vec{a}[/latex]. The third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

A Newtonian fluid's shear stress is directly proportional to the rate of shear strain. This linear relationship is defined by Newton's law of viscosity: [latex]\tau = \mu \frac{du}{dy}[/latex], where [latex]\tau[/latex] is the shear stress, [latex]\mu[/latex] is the dynamic viscosity (a constant of proportionality), and [latex]\frac{du}{dy}[/latex] is the shear rate or velocity gradient.

Bernoulli's principle states that for an inviscid flow, an increase in a fluid's speed occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in its potential energy. It is a statement of the conservation of energy for a moving fluid, commonly expressed as [latex]p + \frac{1}{2}\rho v^2 + \rho gh = \text{constant}[/latex] along a streamline.

Die Strömungsmechanik ist das Teilgebiet der angewandten Mechanik, das sich mit der Statik (ruhende Flüssigkeiten) und Dynamik (bewegte Flüssigkeiten) von Flüssigkeiten und Gasen befasst. Sie wendet grundlegende Prinzipien der Masse-, Impuls- und Energieerhaltung an, um das Verhalten von Flüssigkeiten zu analysieren und vorherzusagen. Die Anwendungsgebiete sind vielfältig und reichen von der Aerodynamik und Hydraulik bis hin zur Meteorologie und Ozeanographie.

In continuum mechanics, the principle of mass conservation states that the mass of a closed system must remain constant over time. For a fluid, this is expressed by the continuity equation. In its Eulerian differential form, it is written as [latex]\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot (\rho \mathbf{u}) = 0[/latex], where [latex]\rho[/latex] is the density and [latex]\mathbf{u}[/latex] is the velocity field.

Dies sind zwei Möglichkeiten, Bewegung in der Kontinuumsmechanik zu beschreiben:

• Die Lagrange-Spezifikation folgt einzelnen Materialpartikeln und verfolgt ihre Eigenschaften im Laufe der Zeit, als würde man ein bestimmtes Auto im Verkehr beobachten
• Die Euler-Spezifikation konzentriert sich auf feste Punkte im Raum und beobachtet die Eigenschaften (Geschwindigkeit, Dichte) aller Teilchen, die diese Punkte passieren, wie eine Verkehrskamera, die eine feste Kreuzung beobachtet.

Die Festkörpermechanik ist ein Zweig der Kontinuumsmechanik, der sich mit dem Verhalten fester Materialien befasst, insbesondere mit ihrer Bewegung und Verformung unter Einwirkung von Kräften, Temperaturänderungen oder anderen äußeren Belastungen. Sie ist von grundlegender Bedeutung für die Konstruktion und Analyse von Strukturen im Ingenieurwesen. Wichtige Bereiche sind Elastizität (rückstellbare Verformung), Plastizität (bleibende Verformung) und Bruchmechanik (Rissentstehung und -ausbreitung).

Electromotive force ([latex]\mathcal{E}[/latex]) is the work done per unit of electric charge by a non-electrical source, such as a battery or generator. Despite its name, it is not a mechanical force but an electric potential, measured in volts. It represents the energy converted from another form (chemical, mechanical) into electrical energy as a charge traverses the source.