» 良好生产规范(GMP)

良好生产规范(GMP)

1960
符合良好生产规范标准的药品生产设施。

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Good Manufacturing Practice (良好生产规范) is a system of regulations and guidelines ensuring that pharmaceutical products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards. It covers all aspects of production, from the starting materials, premises, and equipment to the training and personal hygiene of staff. GMP is designed to minimize the risks involved in any pharmaceutical production.

Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) represents the minimum standard that a medicines manufacturer must meet in their production processes. The core principle of GMP is that quality cannot be tested into a final product; it must be built into the product during all stages of manufacturing. This proactive approach is critical because failures in quality can have life-threatening consequences. GMP guidelines provide a framework for managing production and quality control, often referred to as cGMP, with the ‘c’ standing for ‘current’, emphasizing that the standards must be up-to-date with the latest technology and scientific understanding. Key components of GMP include robust quality management systems, stringent control over raw materials, validated manufacturing processes, and comprehensive documentation. Every step, from receiving raw materials to shipping the final product, must be documented in detail. This creates a traceable batch record that can be audited to ensure compliance and investigate any deviations or product defects. Personnel must be properly trained for their specific roles, and facilities must be designed and maintained to prevent contamination, mix-ups, and errors. Equipment must be calibrated, cleaned, and validated to ensure it performs as intended. Adherence to GMP is enforced by national regulatory agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in Europe, through regular inspections of manufacturing facilities. Failure to comply can result in product recalls, fines, and even facility shutdowns.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 3308
– Pharmacy

类型

抽象系统

中断

实质性

使用方法

广泛使用

前体

  • 1938 年美国联邦食品、药品和化妆品法案,规定上市前必须进行安全审批
  • 20 世纪 50 年代末和 60 年代初的沙利度胺悲剧,凸显了药品监管和检测方面的严重缺陷
  • advances in industrial 过程控制 and quality management theories from other industries

应用

  • 处方药和非处方药的生产
  • 疫苗和生物制剂的生产
  • 医疗器械制造
  • 活性药物成分(API)的生产
  • 食品和化妆品行业的质量控制

专利:

NA

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Related to: GMP, cGMP, quality control, quality assurance, pharmaceutical manufacturing, fda, regulation, drug safety, validation, batch record.

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良好生产规范(GMP)

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(如果日期不详或不相关,例如 "流体力学",则对其显著出现的时间作了四舍五入的估计)。

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