CORE Research Papers Search compared with BASE and Semantic Scholar| CORE Research Papers Search | BASE | Semantic Scholar |
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| Scope and sources: CORE aggregates open access research from about 15,000 data providers, including institutional and subject repositories, preprint servers and open access or hybrid journals. It gives machine access to more than 40 million full-text documents. | Scope and sources: BASE is run by Bielefeld University Library. It harvests metadata from repositories and other sources that offer an OAI interface, and it indexes only publicly available web material. | Scope and sources: Semantic Scholar is run by the Allen Institute for AI and indexes more than 200 million papers. Its sources are publisher partnerships, data providers and web crawls, so it is not limited to open access content. |
| Programmatic access: The CORE API is free and needs no registration, within a limit of one batch request or five single requests per 10 seconds. Registration gives a faster rate, and commercial use is allowed under the terms and conditions. | Programmatic access: BASE is a registered OAI service provider. Non-commercial services can integrate BASE search through its API at no cost. | Programmatic access: Three interfaces are listed: the Academic Graph API, the Recommendations API and the Datasets API. Paper records come as JSON, and use is governed by an API License Agreement. |
| Search and analysis features: BASE searches bibliographic metadata, including abstracts where available, but offers no full-text search. It provides faceted filtering, sorting by fields such as author or year, and exports in several formats. | Search and analysis features: Models developed at the institute extract key ideas and links between papers to help a reader judge a paper quickly. The Semantic Reader product belongs to the same family. |
| Operator and cost: CORE is described as a not-for-profit, community-governed service. Its pages do not list a price for search or for the standard API. | Operator and cost: BASE is a non-commercial service of a university library. Metadata search is open to anyone. | Operator and cost: Semantic Scholar is a project of a non-profit research institute. The search engine and the tools are free to use. |