Le metodologie più complete per l'ideazione, la gestione dei progetti, la gestione dei rischi, l'ergonomia, il design dei prodotti e la produzione snella.
Within the domain of product design, these 180+ professional methodologies offer the largest collection of articles and resources that delineate various methodologies and tools relevant to ideation, innovation, ergonomics, and manufacturing. This centralized repository permits to access and compare systematic approaches, such as Form, Analisi di adattamento e funzione (FFF), design modulare, Test A/Be il pensiero progettuale.
Gli strumenti elencati mirano a fornire informazioni sulle tecniche per la creazione di nuovi prodotti o per il miglioramento di quelli esistenti, descrivendo in dettaglio i processi che possono portare a una maggiore usabilità, a una riduzione dei costi di produzione e all'allineamento con le pratiche sostenibili. Essi supportano varie fasi dello sviluppo di un prodotto, dalla generazione del concetto iniziale e dalla definizione delle priorità delle caratteristiche fino alla garanzia di qualità e rilevanza per il mercato.
Nota: Le metodologie globali (ISO 9000, Total Quality Management, Design for Manufacturing, Lean Manufacturing, Six Sigma...) non sono incluse nelle schede di confronto qui sotto, ma hanno dei post su questo sito e possono essere cercate con il menu o con la lente di ingrandimento in alto a destra.
Visual Management
- Andon System, Miglioramento continuo, Indicatore chiave di prestazione (KPI), Produzione snella, Miglioramento dei processi, Mappatura dei processi, Controllo qualità, Gestione della qualità, Design visivo
Obiettivo:
To make information about processes, performance, standard, and problems immediately apparent and easily understandable to everyone in the workplace.
Come si usa:
- Uses visual tools such as charts, graphs, color-coding, dashboards, shadow boards, and Andon lights to display critical information in real-time, enabling quick identification of abnormalities and facilitating rapid response.
Pro
- Improves communication and transparency; Facilitates quick problem identification and decision-making; Enhances employee engagement and accountability; Supports standardization and continuous improvement.
Contro
- Can lead to information overload if not well-designed or focused; Visuals can become outdated if not diligently maintained; May require initial investment in displays and materials; Effectiveness depends on a supportive culture that acts on the visual cues.
Categorie:
- Risorse umane, Lean Sigma, Produzione, Gestione del progetto, Qualità
Ideale per:
- Communicating key information clearly and concisely using visual signals to enable immediate understanding and action in the workplace.
Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)
- Miglioramento continuo, Produzione snella, Produzione snella, Manutenzione, Efficacia complessiva delle apparecchiature (OEE), Miglioramento dei processi, Produttività, Gestione della qualità, Sicurezza
Obiettivo:
To achieve near-perfect production (no breakdowns, no small stops or slow running, no defects, and no accidents) through a proactive, holistic approach involving all employees in equipment maintenance.
Come si usa:
- A system of maintaining and improving the integrity of production and quality systems through machines, equipment, processes, and employees that will add business value to an organization. It emphasizes empowering operators to help maintain their equipment (autonomous maintenance).
Pro
- Increases equipment effectiveness (OEE) and reliability; Reduces downtime and maintenance costs; Improves safety and product quality; Enhances employee involvement and morale.
Contro
- Requires a significant cultural shift and long-term commitment; Can be costly and time-consuming to implement fully; Requires extensive training for operators and maintenance staff.
Categorie:
- Ingegneria, Risorse umane, Lean Sigma, Produzione, Qualità
Ideale per:
- Maximizing equipment effectiveness and lifespan through a comprehensive, proactive maintenance strategy involving all employees.
Takt Time
- Miglioramento continuo, Just-in-Time (JIT), Produzione snella, Ottimizzazione del processo, Efficienza della produzione, Mappatura del flusso di valore
Obiettivo:
To synchronize the pace of production with the rate of customer demand.
Come si usa:
- Calculated as available production time divided by customer demand over a specific period. It sets the "rhythm" or "beat" at which products need to be completed to meet customer requirements.
Pro
- Ensures production is aligned with customer demand, preventing overproduction or underproduction; Helps identify bottlenecks and areas where capacity doesn't match demand; Facilitates production smoothing (heijunka).
Contro
- Requires accurate demand forecasting and stable production times; Can be challenging to apply in high-variety, low-volume environments or where demand is highly erratic; External factors can easily disrupt a takt-based system.
Categorie:
- Lean Sigma, Produzione, Gestione del progetto
Ideale per:
- Matching the rate of production directly to the rate of customer demand to ensure efficient flow and resource utilization.
Swimlane Process Map
- Reingegnerizzazione dei processi aziendali (BPR), Miglioramento continuo, Collaborazione interfunzionale, Produzione snella, Miglioramento dei processi, Mappatura dei processi, Ottimizzazione del processo, Garanzia di qualità, Gestione della qualità
Obiettivo:
To depict a process flow, clearly delineating the responsibilities and handoffs between different departments, roles, or systems.
Come si usa:
- A type of flowchart that organizes process steps into parallel "lanes," with each lane representing a specific actor or functional area. This visualizes who does what and where interactions occur.
Pro
- Clearly shows roles, responsibilities, and handoffs; Helps identify bottlenecks, redundancies, and communication gaps between groups; Improves clarity and understanding of complex processes involving multiple stakeholders.
Contro
- Can become cluttered if there are too many lanes or complex interactions; May require significant effort to create and maintain, especially for rapidly changing processes; Focus is primarily on "who" and "what," less on "how well."
Categorie:
- Risorse umane, Produzione, Risoluzione dei problemi, Design del prodotto, Gestione del progetto
Ideale per:
- Clearly illustrating how a process flows across different functional areas or roles, highlighting responsibilities and interactions.
Standardized Work
- Miglioramento continuo, Kaizen, Produzione snella, Produzione snella, Miglioramento dei processi, Controllo qualità, Gestione della qualità, Formazione
Obiettivo:
To establish the most efficient, safe, and consistent metodo for performing a task or process, ensuring predictable and high-quality outcomes.
Come si usa:
- Involves documenting the precise sequence of operations, takt time, standard work-in-process, and safety precautions for a job. This documented standard becomes the baseline for continuous improvement and training.
Pro
- Ensures consistency and reduces variability in processes; Improves quality, productivity, and safety; Provides a basis for training and auditing; Facilitates problem identification and kaizen (continuous improvement).
Contro
- Can be perceived as rigid or stifling creativity if not implemented with a continuous improvement mindset; Requires effort to develop and maintain standards, especially in dynamic environments; Initial resistance from operators accustomed to their own methods is possible.
Categorie:
- Risorse umane, Lean Sigma, Produzione, Qualità
Ideale per:
- Establishing and maintaining the best-known way to perform a task to ensure consistency, quality, and a foundation for improvement.
Stakeholder Analysis
- Metodologia Agile, Gestione del cambiamento, Miglioramento continuo, Gestione del progetto, Gestione del rischio, Lavoro di squadra, Design centrato sull'utente
Obiettivo:
To identify all individuals, groups, or organizations that can affect or be affected by a project or initiative, and to understand their interests, expectations, and influence.
Come si usa:
- Involves listing all potential stakeholders, assessing their power, interest, and potential impact on the project, and planning how to engage and manage them effectively.
Pro
- Helps ensure all relevant parties are considered; Improves communication and engagement strategies; Can identify potential risks and support for the project; Facilitates smoother project execution by managing expectations.
Contro
- Can be time-consuming, especially for large projects with many stakeholders; Information gathered can be subjective; Stakeholder positions and influence can change over time, requiring ongoing analysis.
Categorie:
- Clienti e marketing, Risorse umane, Gestione del progetto, Gestione del rischio
Ideale per:
- Identifying key people and groups related to a project and developing strategies to manage their expectations and involvement effectively.
Spaghetti Diagram
- Miglioramento continuo, Design per la sostenibilità, Efficienza, Ergonomia, Produzione snella, Miglioramento dei processi, Mappatura dei processi, Mappatura del flusso di valore, Riduzione dei rifiuti
Obiettivo:
To visualize the physical flow of people, materials, or information within a workspace or process to identify and reduce wasted motion and transportation.
Come si usa:
- A continuous line drawing on a floor plan or process map that traces the path of an item or person. The resulting web of lines (resembling spaghetti) highlights inefficiencies like excessive travel distances, backtracking, and unnecessary movements.
Pro
- Simple and visual way to identify wasted motion; Facilitates communication about process inefficiencies; Helps in designing more efficient layouts; Engages employees in process improvement.
Contro
- Can be time-consuming to create for complex processes or multiple items/people; Primarily focuses on physical movement, may not capture other types of waste; Accuracy depends on careful observation.
Categorie:
- Ergonomia, Lean Sigma, Produzione, Risoluzione dei problemi
Ideale per:
- Identifying and eliminating wasted movement and transportation by visually mapping the path taken by products, materials, or people.
Six Big Losses
- Miglioramento continuo, Produzione snella, Manutenzione, Efficacia complessiva delle apparecchiature (OEE), Tecniche di risoluzione dei problemi, Miglioramento dei processi, Produttività, Analisi della causa principale, Sei Sigma
Obiettivo:
To categorize and provide a quadro for understanding and eliminating the most common causes of productivity loss in manufacturing.
Come si usa:
- A key concept in Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), these are: Breakdowns, Setup and Adjustment Losses, Small Stops (Idling and Minor Stoppages), Reduced Speed, Startup Rejects (Defects in Process), and Production Rejects (Rework and Scrap).
Pro
- Provides a structured way to identify and prioritize OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) improvements; Helps focus efforts on critical areas of equipment-related waste; Encourages a systematic approach to problem-solving.
Contro
- Primarily focused on equipment-related losses, may not cover all sources of inefficiency in a broader business context; Requires accurate data collection to quantify losses effectively.
Categorie:
- Lean Sigma, Produzione, Risoluzione dei problemi, Qualità
Ideale per:
- Systematically identifying and tackling the primary causes of equipment-based productivity loss to improve Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE).
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