The “Big Five” are five major extinction events in Earth’s history where over 75% of species disappeared in a geologically short interval. Identified by Jack Sepkoski and David M. Raup, they are the Ordovician–Silurian, Late Devonian, Permian–Triassic, Triassic–Jurassic, and Cretaceo-Paleogene Questi eventi hanno profondamente rimodellato la biosfera, creando opportunità per la diffusione di nuove forme di vita.

















