物理消毒 方法 这种技术通过孔径足够小的过滤器将液体和气体中的微生物截留,从而去除微生物。常用的除菌过滤孔径为0.22微米(µm),可有效去除大部分细菌。该技术不会杀死微生物,而是将其物理分离,因此非常适合处理热敏性溶液。

(图片仅供参考)
物理消毒 方法 这种技术通过孔径足够小的过滤器将液体和气体中的微生物截留,从而去除微生物。常用的除菌过滤孔径为0.22微米(µm),可有效去除大部分细菌。该技术不会杀死微生物,而是将其物理分离,因此非常适合处理热敏性溶液。
无菌过滤是一种独特的灭菌方法,因为它并非灭活或杀死微生物,而是通过物理方式将其从流体(液体或气体)中去除。该过程依赖于膜过滤器,这是一种具有特定孔径分布的半透膜材料薄膜。通常使用标称孔径为 0.22 微米 (µm) 或更小的过滤器进行灭菌。选择该孔径是基于已知最小的自由生活细菌(例如,常被用作验证灭菌级过滤器的挑战菌株的微小短波单胞菌)的尺寸。当流体在正压或真空的作用下被迫通过过滤器时,孔隙允许流体分子通过,但足够小,可以将细菌和其他微生物截留在过滤器表面。主要的截留机制是尺寸排阻,但静电吸引和曲折路径拦截等其他效应也有助于捕获。对于含有热敏成分(例如蛋白质、酶、疫苗和某些抗生素)的溶液,这种方法必不可少,因为这些成分会因高压灭菌等加热方法而变性或被破坏。它被认为是一种非破坏性灭菌技术。然而,它也有局限性。它无法去除所有病毒,因为许多病毒的粒径小于0.22微米,也无法去除溶解的内毒素或热原。此外,该过程必须在无菌条件下进行,以防止过滤器下游的过滤液受到二次污染。
The history of filtration for microbial removal dates back to the late 19th century. In 1884, Charles Chamberland, an associate of Louis Pasteur, developed the Chamberland filter made of unglazed porcelain. This device was instrumental in early virology; it was used by Dmitri Ivanovsky in 1892 and Martinus Beijerinck in 1898 to demonstrate that the agent causing tobacco mosaic disease was smaller than any known bacterium, as it could pass through the filter. They called this new class of infectious agent a ‘filterable virus.’ These early filters were effective but slow and brittle. The technology evolved significantly throughout the 20th century with the development of modern membrane filters made from materials like cellulose esters, nylon, and polysulfone. These new materials allowed for the creation of filters with highly controlled pore sizes, greater durability, and higher flow rates, making sterile filtration a reliable and scalable process for the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and food and beverage industries.
无菌过滤
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