生命周期 Assessment (LCA) is a systematic methodology for evaluating the environmental impacts associated with all stages of a product’s life. This “cradle-to-grave” or “cradle-to-cradle” analysis considers raw material extraction, processing, manufacturing, distribution, use, repair, maintenance, and final disposal or 回收利用. It quantifies inputs like energy and raw materials and outputs like emissions to air, water, and soil.

















