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LCA 系统边界:从摇篮到坟墓 vs. 从摇篮到大门

1990
环境工程师在办公室讨论生命周期评估方法。

(图片仅供参考)

LCA system boundaries define which 生命周期 stages are included in the assessment. A “cradle-to-grave” analysis covers the entire 产品寿命, from raw material extraction through manufacturing, use, and final disposal. In contrast, a “cradle-to-gate” assessment is a partial LCA that ends when the product leaves the factory gate, excluding the use and disposal phases.

The choice of system boundary is a critical decision in the ‘Goal and Scope Definition’ phase of an 生命周期评估 and significantly impacts the results and their applicability. ‘Cradle-to-grave’ is the most comprehensive approach, providing a full picture of a product’s environmental footprint. It is essential for making claims about a product’s overall environmental superiority and for understanding impacts related to consumer behavior and waste management systems. However, it requires more data, especially for the use and end-of-life phases, which can be difficult to obtain and may involve significant assumptions. ‘Cradle-to-gate’ assessments are more common, particularly in B2B contexts where the manufacturer has no control over the product’s downstream life cycle. These studies are useful for comparing materials or intermediate products. Other common system boundaries include ‘cradle-to-cradle’, which assesses a circular economy model where the end-of-life disposal step is a recycling process that makes new products, and ‘gate-to-gate’, which looks at only a single process or manufacturing stage.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 3307
– Environmental engineering

类型

抽象系统

中断

重大的

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • 化学工程中的工艺流程图
  • 系统分析方法
  • 20 世纪 70 年代以来的能源核算框架

应用程序

  • 企业对企业(b2b)环境数据通信(从摇篮到大门)
  • 环境产品声明(EPD)
  • 全产品碳足迹(从摇篮到坟墓)
  • 废物管理和延伸生产者责任的政策制定
  • 生态设计 重点关注使用阶段或生命周期结束阶段

专利:

NA

潜在创新理念

  • ‘cradle-to-cloud’ assessments for digital products and services
  • ‘well-to-wheel’ analysis for transportation fuels, a specialized form of cradle-to-grave
  • 将“从摇篮到大门”数据与使用阶段的经济投入产出模型相结合的混合生命周期评价模型
  • 基于可用数据质量的 LCA 软件实时边界调整
  • ‘cradle-to-reincarnation’ models for products designed for multiple lifecycles through repair and 再制造
  • ‘farm-to-fork’ as a specific cradle-to-grave boundary for food products
  • ‘cradle-to-grave 2.0’ incorporating social impacts alongside environmental ones
  • 模块化生命周期评估,可将门到门模块组合起来,构建完整的从摇篮到坟墓的分析
Related to: 系统边界, cradle-to-grave, cradle-to-gate, LCA, life cycle stages, environmental footprint, use phase, end-of-life.

历史背景

LCA 系统边界:从摇篮到坟墓 vs. 从摇篮到大门

1986
1987-03
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1986
1987
1989
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

第十年 周年纪念日

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