以用户为中心的设计（UCD）

User-Centered Design (UCD) fundamentally shifts the focus of product development from the technical capabilities of the system to the experience of the person using it. The process is built on an explicit understanding of users, tasks, and environments. It begins with extensive user research to build empathy and gather insights, often creating ‘personas’—fictional characters representing key user types—and mapping out ‘user journeys’ to understand their interactions with a product in context. Throughout the design process, UCD employs a variety of methods to keep the user involved. These include 可用性 testing, where users are observed performing tasks with a prototype, A/B testing to compare different design variations, and participatory design sessions where users are invited to contribute ideas directly. The core principle is iteration: design, prototype, test, and repeat. Feedback from each testing round directly informs the next design iteration, ensuring the product evolves based on real user data rather than internal opinions. This approach significantly reduces the risk of creating a product that is difficult to use or fails to solve a genuine user problem, ultimately leading to higher user satisfaction and adoption rates.