皮肤维生素D合成
1930
- Adolf Windaus
- Kurt Huldschinsky
Sunlight, specifically 紫外线 B (UVB) radiation with wavelengths between 290-315 nm, triggers the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin. When UVB photons strike the skin, they cause the photochemical conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol into previtamin D3, which is then isomerized into vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). This process is the primary natural source of vitamin D for humans.
The synthesis of vitamin D is a multi-step process essential for human health. It begins in the epidermis when UVB radiation breaks a chemical bond in 7-dehydrocholesterol, a derivative of cholesterol. The resulting compound, previtamin D3, is thermally unstable and rapidly rearranges itself into vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). This vitamin D3 is then transported via the bloodstream to the liver, where it undergoes hydroxylation to become calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D). Calcifediol is the main circulating form of vitamin D and is what is typically measured in blood tests. For its final activation, calcifediol travels to the kidneys (and other tissues), where it is converted into calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), the biologically active form of the vitamin. Calcitriol functions as a hormone, primarily regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the blood, which is critical for bone mineralization. Several factors influence the efficiency of this process, including latitude, season, time of day, skin pigmentation (melanin acts as a natural sunblock), and the use of sunscreen, all of which can modulate the amount of UVB radiation reaching the skin’s precursor molecules.
UNESCO Nomenclature: 2401
- 生物化学
前体
- 佝偻病的发现
- identification of ‘fat-soluble factor a’ (later split into vitamins a and d) by elmer mccollum
- theodor scherfig’s observation of sunlight’s benefits for children’s health
- 有机化学的进步使得甾醇的分离和结构分析成为可能
应用程序
- 佝偻病和骨软化症的治疗
- 关于日晒的公共卫生建议
- 强化牛奶和谷物等食物中的维生素 D
- 维生素D补充剂的开发
- 针对牛皮癣等皮肤病的 UVB 光疗法
- 了解钙代谢和骨骼健康
潜在创新理念
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Related to: vitamin D, UVb radiation, sunlight, skin, 7-dehydrocholesterol, cholecalciferol, rickets, bone health, calcium metabolism, photochemistry.