抽水蓄能水电

蠕动泵是一种容积式泵，其流体被容纳在一根柔性软管内，软管安装在圆形泵壳内。一个带有多个“滚轮”或“滑靴”的转子在旋转时会压缩软管。压缩波沿着软管移动，迫使流体移动。流体仅与软管内部接触，因此非常适合无菌应用。

氯碱工艺是一种电解氯化钠 (NaCl) 溶液（又称盐水）的工业方法。它是生产氯气 (Cl₂)、氢氧化钠 (NaOH) 和氢气 (H₂) 的主要来源，而这些产品都是重要的日用化学品。现代方法使用膜电解槽分离阳极和阴极产物，以确保高纯度和高效率。

放热焊接，也称为铝热焊接，是一种利用铝热反应产生的过热熔融金属在金属部件之间形成牢固、持久的分子键的技术。该工艺独立运行，无需外部电源。它最著名的用途是将铁路轨道段连接成连续的焊接轨道，从而打造更平整、更耐用的轨道。

Artificial gravity can be created in a spacecraft by rotating the structure. Occupants feel a centrifugal force pushing them towards the outer hull, mimicking gravity. The magnitude of this apparent gravity is given by [latex]a = \omega^2 r[/latex], where [latex]\omega[/latex] is the angular velocity and [latex]r[/latex] is the radius of rotation. This is proposed to counteract the negative health effects of long-term weightlessness.

Oxy-acetylene welding uses a flame produced by the combustion of acetylene ([latex]C_2H_2[/latex]) with pure oxygen. The reaction occurs in two stages. The primary reaction in the inner, white-hot cone is incomplete, producing carbon monoxide and hydrogen: [latex]2C_2H_2 + 2O_2 \rightarrow 4CO + 2H_2[/latex]. These hot gases then react with atmospheric oxygen in the outer envelope, completing the combustion.

奥托循环的实际应用是四冲程发动机，它通过四个不同的活塞运动（冲程）完成一个热力学循环。这四个冲程分别是：1. 进气（吸气），吸入空气-燃料混合物；2. 压缩（压缩），压缩混合物；3. 燃烧（点火），点火推动活塞向下运动；4. 排气（吹气），排出燃烧后的气体。

The principal stresses, [latex]\sigma_1[/latex] and [latex]\sigma_2[/latex], are the maximum and minimum normal stresses at a point, occurring on planes with zero shear stress. On Mohr's circle, these correspond to the two points where the circle intersects the horizontal ([latex]\sigma_n[/latex]) axis. The maximum in-plane shear stress, [latex]\tau_{max}[/latex], is equal to the radius of the circle, [latex]R[/latex].

霍尔-埃鲁法是铝冶炼的主要工业方法。该方法包括将氧化铝（Al₂O₃）溶解在熔融的冰晶石（Na₃AlF₆）中，然后电解熔融的盐浴。铝金属沉积在阴极，而氧化铝中的氧气与碳阳极发生反应，生成二氧化碳。这一工艺使得铝的供应更加广泛且价格更加实惠。

An empirical formula that describes how the available capacity of a battery decreases as the rate of discharge increases. The law is stated as [latex]C_p = I^k t[/latex], where [latex]C_p[/latex] is the capacity at a one-ampere discharge rate, [latex]I[/latex] is the discharge current, [latex]t[/latex] is the discharge time, and [latex]k[/latex] is the Peukert constant, specific to the battery type. It quantifies the inefficiency at high loads.

火灾三角是一个简单的模型，它描述了大多数火灾发生的三个基本要素：热量、燃料和氧化剂（通常是大气中的氧气）。消除其中任何一个要素，都可以阻止火灾发生或扑灭现有火灾。这是消防安全和预防的基本概念。

速度变化量（Δv），字面意思是“速度变化”，是衡量轨道机动所需冲量的标量。它量化了任务所需的总推进力，与航天器的质量无关。该值对于任务规划至关重要，因为它决定了所需的推进剂装载量。速度变化量是累积的；一次任务的总速度变化量是所有所需机动速度变化量的总和。

This equation describes the motion of vehicles that follow the basic principle of a rocket: a device that can apply acceleration to itself by expelling part of its mass with high velocity. It relates the delta-v a rocket can achieve to its effective exhaust velocity and the initial and final mass, given by [latex]\Delta v = v_e \ln \frac{m_0}{m_f}[/latex].