生命周期评估 system boundaries define which 生命周期 各阶段都包括在评估中。从摇篮到坟墓 “的分析涵盖整个 产品寿命, from raw material extraction through 制造业, use, and final disposal. In contrast, a “cradle-to-gate” assessment is a partial LCA that ends when the product leaves the factory gate, excluding the use and disposal phases.





