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MATLAB is a matrix-based language where the fundamental data type is the array, not requiring dimensioning. This allows for concise expression of matrix and vector operations. For instance, multiplying two matrices `A` and `B` is simply `C = A * B`, and element-wise multiplication is `C = A .* B`, abstracting away complex loop structures found in other languages. MATLAB is a popular engineering 编程语言 because matrix operations are written in a single line.
The core design philosophy of MATLAB is that all data is treated as an array, with scalars being 1×1 arrays and vectors being 1xN or Nx1 arrays. This paradigm stems from its origin as a high-level interactive shell for the LINPACK and EISPACK Fortran libraries, which were designed for linear algebra. This array-centric syntax dramatically simplifies code for scientific and engineering problems, which are often expressed in terms of matrix and vector mathematics. Operations that would require nested loops and careful index management in languages like C or Java can be expressed in a single, readable line in MATLAB.
例如，解线性方程组 [latex]Ax = b[/latex] 可以使用命令 ‘x = Ab’，该命令使用反斜杠运算符 (mldivide)。该运算符不仅能计算 A 的逆；它还能分析矩阵 A，选择最稳定、计算效率最高的算法，如正方形矩阵的 LU 分解或矩形系统的 QR 分解。这种高层次的抽象使用户能够专注于数学问题，而不是低层次的实现细节。此外，该语言还鼓励 "矢量化"，即用数组表达式代替显式循环。由于 MATLAB 的内部函数是高度优化的多线程 C 和 Fortran 代码，这不仅使代码更加紧凑，而且速度也大大提高。.
MATLAB 面向数组的语法
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