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» 荧光增白剂(FWA)

荧光增白剂(FWA)

1940
实验室场景,化学家正在测量物理化学中的荧光增白剂。.

(图片仅供参考)

荧光增白剂,也称为光学增白剂(OBAs),是能够增强白色感知的化学化合物。它们吸收光线。 紫外线 (紫外线)光谱是人眼不可见的,而这些紫外线会被重新发射成可见光谱中蓝色区域的光。这种蓝光可以抵消材料中残留的黄色或乳白色色调。

Fluorescent Whitening Agents (FWAs) are a key technology for achieving high levels of whiteness in many consumer and industrial products. Their mechanism relies on the phenomenon of fluorescence. FWAs are designed to absorb high-energy photons from the near-ultraviolet range (typically 340–370 nm) and, through a process of electronic excitation and relaxation, re-emit lower-energy photons in the blue part of the visible spectrum (typically 420–470 nm). This emitted blue light adds to the light reflected by the material, making it appear brighter. More importantly, the blue emission masks the inherent yellowish appearance common in many natural and synthetic materials like cotton, wool, and paper pulp. This masking effect shifts the material’s color towards blue, which the human eye perceives as ‘whiter than white.’ The effectiveness of an FWA depends on the presence of a UV component in the viewing light source. For this reason, whiteness measurements of FWA-treated materials must be performed under a calibrated illuminant with a known UV content, such as CIE Standard Illuminant D65, which simulates daylight. Without UV energy, the FWA is inactive, and the material will appear less white. This is why white clothes can look different indoors under incandescent light (low UV) compared to outdoors in daylight (high UV).

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2501
- 物理化学

类型

化学过程

中断

递增

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • 乔治·斯托克斯于 1852 年发现荧光
  • 19世纪合成染料化学的发展
  • 了解 CIE 颜色空间和人类颜色感知
  • 尽早使用上蓝剂(例如群青)来防止泛黄

应用程序

  • 洗衣液
  • 造纸业
  • 纺织品整理
  • 塑料生产
  • 化妆品和个人护理产品

专利:

  • US2218374
  • DE723555

潜在创新理念

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相关术语:荧光、荧光增白剂、荧光增白剂、光学增白剂、白度、紫外线、蓝光、纺织品、纸张、洗涤剂。

历史背景

荧光增白剂(FWA)

1872
1910
1940
1940
1946
1950
1960
1852
1900
1912
1940
1940
1950
1950
1960

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

相关发明、创新和技术原理

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