被称为“大灭绝”的二叠纪-三叠纪(PT)灭绝事件,发生在约2.52亿年前,是地球历史上最严重的物种灭绝事件。它导致超过95%的海洋物种和70%的陆生脊椎动物物种灭绝。其主要原因被认为是西伯利亚地盾的大规模火山喷发,引发了灾难性的地质灾害。 气候变化海洋缺氧和酸化。

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被称为“大灭绝”的二叠纪-三叠纪(PT)灭绝事件,发生在约2.52亿年前,是地球历史上最严重的物种灭绝事件。它导致超过95%的海洋物种和70%的陆生脊椎动物物种灭绝。其主要原因被认为是西伯利亚地盾的大规模火山喷发,引发了灾难性的地质灾害。 气候变化海洋缺氧和酸化。
The Permian–Triassic extinction event represents the most profound biotic crisis in the Phanerozoic Eon. It marks the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras and fundamentally reset the course of evolution. The sheer scale of the extinction is staggering; it is the only known mass extinction of insects and it nearly ended life on Earth entirely. The recovery of life was also exceptionally slow, with “disaster taxa” like the hardy bivalve Claraia and the synapsid Lystrosaurus dominating depauperate ecosystems for millions of years. The primary culprit is identified as the Siberian Traps, a large igneous province (LIP) in modern-day Russia. Over a geologically brief period, massive flood basalt eruptions released an estimated 1.5 million cubic kilometers of lava.
This volcanism injected immense quantities of carbon dioxide, methane, and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. The CO2 and methane caused runaway global warming, while the SO2 led to intense 酸雨海洋变暖会降低其溶解氧的能力,导致大范围的海洋缺氧(氧气耗尽的水域),这一时期的黑色页岩沉积物便是明证。此外,大气中的二氧化碳被海洋吸收,造成严重的酸化,使得具有碳酸钙外壳和骨骼的海洋生物(如珊瑚、腕足动物和软体动物)难以生存。极端高温、酸雨、海洋缺氧和酸化这四者共同造成了一场全球性的环境灾难,极少数物种能够承受,最终导致了“大灭绝”。
二叠纪-三叠纪灭绝事件
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