皮膚におけるビタミンD合成
1930
- Adolf Windaus
- Kurt Huldschinsky
Sunlight, specifically 紫外線 B (UVB) radiation with wavelengths between 290-315 nm, triggers the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin. When UVB photons strike the skin, they cause the photochemical conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol into previtamin D3, which is then isomerized into vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). This process is the primary natural source of vitamin D for humans.
The synthesis of vitamin D is a multi-step process essential for human health. It begins in the epidermis when UVB radiation breaks a chemical bond in 7-dehydrocholesterol, a derivative of cholesterol. The resulting compound, previtamin D3, is thermally unstable and rapidly rearranges itself into vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). This vitamin D3 is then transported via the bloodstream to the liver, where it undergoes hydroxylation to become calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D). Calcifediol is the main circulating form of vitamin D and is what is typically measured in blood tests. For its final activation, calcifediol travels to the kidneys (and other tissues), where it is converted into calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), the biologically active form of the vitamin. Calcitriol functions as a hormone, primarily regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the blood, which is critical for bone mineralization. Several factors influence the efficiency of this process, including latitude, season, time of day, skin pigmentation (melanin acts as a natural sunblock), and the use of sunscreen, all of which can modulate the amount of UVB radiation reaching the skin’s precursor molecules.
UNESCO Nomenclature: 2401
生化学
前駆物質
- discovery of rickets as a disease
- identification of ‘fat-soluble factor a’ (later split into vitamins a and d) by elmer mccollum
- theodor scherfig’s observation of sunlight’s benefits for children’s health
- advances in organic chemistry allowing for the isolation and structural analysis of sterols
アプリケーション
- treatment of rickets and osteomalacia
- public health recommendations for sun exposure
- fortification of foods like milk and cereal with vitamin d
- development of vitamin d supplements
- uvb phototherapy for skin conditions like psoriasis
- understanding of calcium metabolism and bone health
潜在的なイノベーションのアイデア
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Related to: vitamin D, UVb radiation, sunlight, skin, 7-dehydrocholesterol, cholecalciferol, rickets, bone health, calcium metabolism, photochemistry.