The statistical mechanics formulation of the ideal gas law expresses the relationship in terms of the microscopic properties of the gas. It relates pressure ([latex]P[/latex]) and volume ([latex]V[/latex]) to the total number of particles ([latex]N[/latex]) and the absolute temperature ([latex]T[/latex]) through the Boltzmann constant ([latex]k_B[/latex]): [latex]PV = Nk_BT[/latex].
