(Image générée à titre d'illustration uniquement)
The First Law is a statement of the la conservation de l'énergie. It posits that the change in a closed system’s internal energy ([latex]\Delta U[/latex]) is equal to the heat supplied to the system ([latex]Q[/latex]) minus the work done by the system on its surroundings ([latex]W[/latex]). The governing equation is [latex]\Delta U = Q – W[/latex]. This law links heat, work, and internal energy, establishing heat as a form of energy transfer.
The First Law of Thermodynamics generalized the principle of la conservation de l'énergie, which was previously known in mechanics, to include heat. Its formulation was a major step in physics, as it definitively refuted the prevailing caloric theory, which considered heat a weightless fluid. Experiments by James Joule in the 1840s, which demonstrated the mechanical equivalent of heat, were crucial in establishing that heat and work are mutually convertible.
The law introduces internal energy ([latex]U[/latex]) as a state function, meaning its value depends only on the current state of the system, not on how it got there. In contrast, heat ([latex]Q[/latex]) and work ([latex]W[/latex]) are path-dependent process quantities. The law’s differential form is [latex]dU = \delta Q – \delta W[/latex]. For a cyclic process, where the system returns to its initial state, the change in internal energy is zero ([latex]\Delta U = 0[/latex]), so the net heat supplied equals the net work done. This principle is the basis for all heat engines. The law also implies the impossibility of a perpetual motion machine of the first kind—a machine that produces work without any energy input.
Première loi de la thermodynamique
(si la date est inconnue ou non pertinente, par exemple « mécanique des fluides », une estimation arrondie de son émergence notable est fournie)
Les images en pleine résolution et les téléchargements sont uniquement disponibles, et 100% gratuits, pour les membres inscrits.
> Se connecter <
