欧几里得第五公设,即平行公设,是定义欧几里得几何的公理:它指出,如果一条直线与另外两条直线相交,且交点一侧的内角和小于两个直角(α + β < 180°),那么这两条直线最终会在同一侧相交。该公设保证了过给定直线外一点的唯一平行线。

(图片仅供参考)
欧几里得第五公设,即平行公设,是定义欧几里得几何的公理:它指出,如果一条直线与另外两条直线相交,且交点一侧的内角和小于两个直角(α + β < 180°),那么这两条直线最终会在同一侧相交。该公设保证了过给定直线外一点的唯一平行线。
平行公设可以说是几何史上最具影响力的单一公理。与其他四条公理相比,它被认为更为复杂,因此两千多年来,人们一直在尝试用其他公理来证明它。虽然最终未能成功,但这并非一次失败。19世纪初,数学家们开始思考否定平行公设的后果。这促成了两种主要非欧几何形式的发展。
Hyperbolic geometry, developed by Lobachevsky and Bolyai, assumes that through a point not on a line, there are infinitely many lines parallel to the given line. In this geometry, the sum of angles in a triangle is less than 180 degrees. Elliptic (or Riemannian) geometry, developed by Riemann, assumes there are no parallel lines. Here, the sum of angles in a triangle is greater than 180 degrees. The surface of a sphere is a common model for elliptic geometry. The discovery that these consistent, alternative geometries could exist was a paradigm shift. It demonstrated that Euclidean geometry was not an absolute truth about physical space but one of several possible mathematical structures. This realization was crucial for the development of Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity, which models spacetime as a curved, non-Euclidean manifold.
平行公设(欧几里得第五公设)
(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)
只有注册会员才能免费获得 100% 的全尺寸图片和下载。.
> 登录 <