» 熔融沉积成型(FDM)

熔融沉积成型(FDM)

1989
  • S. Scott Crump
在工业工作区演示熔融沉积建模的 3D 打印机。.

(生成的图像仅供参考)

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), sometimes named Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), a material extrusion technique, builds objects by selectively depositing molten material in a pre-determined path layer-by-layer. A 热塑 filament is unwound from a coil and fed through a heated extruder nozzle. The nozzle melts the filament and deposits it onto a build platform, where it cools and solidifies, fusing with the layer below.

In an FDM printer, the motion of the extruder head and/or the build platform is controlled by a computer that interprets a sliced 3D model (G-code). The head moves in the X and Y axes, while the platform typically moves in the Z axis after each layer is complete. The process relies on precise thermal management: the ‘hot end’ of the extruder must keep the plastic at a temperature that allows it to flow but not degrade, while the deposited material must cool quickly enough to hold its shape. Layer adhesion is critical for part strength and is highly dependent on temperature, speed, and material properties. FDM parts are not fully dense; their internal structure is often a pre-defined infill pattern (e.g., grid, honeycomb) to save material and print time while providing structural support. Common materials include polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and various engineering-grade polymers. The expiration of the original FDM 专利 in 2009 was a catalyst for the open-source RepRap project and the subsequent explosion of affordable, consumer-grade 3D printers, making the technology widely accessible.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 3313
- 工业技术

类型

Manufacturing Process

中断

实质性

使用方法

广泛使用

前体

  • extrusion technology used in 塑料 制造业
  • 热熔胶枪,其原理与加热和挤出热塑性塑料类似
  • 计算机数控(cnc)绘图机和铣床
  • 开发多种热塑性聚合物
  • computer-aided design () software

应用

  • 业余爱好者和消费者 3D 打印
  • 学校和大学的教育模式
  • 用于形式、配合和功能测试的功能原型
  • 夹具、固定装置和量规等制造辅助工具
  • 小批量生产的最终用途零件
  • 建筑模型

专利:

  • US 5121329 A

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Related to: fused deposition modeling, fdm, fused filament fabrication, fff, material extrusion, thermoplastic, filament, 3d printing, stratasys, reprap.

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历史背景

熔融沉积成型(FDM)

1986
1986
1987
1989
1990
1990
1990
1984
1986
1986
1987-03
1990
1990
1990
1990

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

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