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» 熔融沉积成型(FDM)

熔融沉积成型(FDM)

1989
  • S. Scott Crump
在工业工作区演示熔融沉积建模的 3D 打印机。.

(图片仅供参考)

熔融沉积成型(FDM),有时也称为熔融丝材制造(FFF),是一种材料挤出成型技术,它通过沿预定路径逐层选择性地沉积熔融材料来构建物体。 热塑 耗材从线圈上展开,并通过加热的挤出机喷嘴送入。喷嘴熔化耗材并将其沉积到打印平台上,耗材冷却凝固后与下层熔合。

In an FDM printer, the motion of the extruder head and/or the build platform is controlled by a computer that interprets a sliced 3D model (G-code). The head moves in the X and Y axes, while the platform typically moves in the Z axis after each layer is complete. The process relies on precise thermal management: the ‘hot end’ of the extruder must keep the plastic at a temperature that allows it to flow but not degrade, while the deposited material must cool quickly enough to hold its shape. Layer adhesion is critical for part strength and is highly dependent on temperature, speed, and material properties. FDM parts are not fully dense; their internal structure is often a pre-defined infill pattern (e.g., grid, honeycomb) to save material and print time while providing structural support. Common materials include polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and various engineering-grade polymers. The expiration of the original FDM patent in 2009 was a catalyst for the open-source RepRap project and the subsequent explosion of affordable, consumer-grade 3D printers, making the technology widely accessible.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 3313
- 工业技术

类型

制造工艺

中断

重大的

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • 塑料制造中使用的挤压技术
  • 热熔胶枪,其原理与加热和挤出热塑性塑料类似
  • 计算机数控(cnc)绘图机和铣床
  • 开发多种热塑性聚合物
  • 计算机辅助设计(CAD)软件

应用程序

  • 业余爱好者和消费者 3D 打印
  • 学校和大学的教育模式
  • 用于形式、配合和功能测试的功能原型
  • 夹具、固定装置和量规等制造辅助工具
  • 小批量生产的最终用途零件
  • 建筑模型

专利:

  • US 5121329 A

潜在创新理念

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相关技术:熔融沉积成型、FDM、熔融丝材制造、FFF、材料挤出、热塑性塑料、丝材、3D打印、Stratasys、RepRap。

历史背景

熔融沉积成型(FDM)

1986
1986
1987
1989
1990
1990
1990
1984
1986
1986
1987-03
1990
1990
1990
1990

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

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