» 笛卡尔坐标系

笛卡尔坐标系

1640
  • René Descartes
  • Pierre de Fermat
专业办公环境中的直角坐标系模型,用于解析几何。

笛卡尔坐标系为欧几里得几何提供了代数模型。它使用一个或多个数字(或坐标)来唯一地确定空间中点的位置。在平面上,使用两条垂直线(x轴和y轴),从而可以用代数方程来描述几何形状。这种代数与几何的融合被称为解析几何。

Developed in the 17th century, the Cartesian system revolutionized mathematics by creating a powerful link between the previously separate fields of geometry and algebra. A point in a two-dimensional plane is represented by an ordered pair of numbers [latex](x, y)[/latex], representing its signed distances from the y-axis and x-axis, respectively. This allows geometric concepts to be translated into algebraic language. For example, a circle with center [latex](h, k)[/latex] and radius [latex]r[/latex] can be described by the equation [latex](x-h)^2 + (y-k)^2 = r^2[/latex]. A line can be described by a linear equation like [latex]y = mx + b[/latex].

This correspondence works both ways: algebraic equations can be visualized as geometric shapes. This analytic geometry allows for the solution of geometric problems using algebraic manipulation, which is often simpler and more powerful than the purely synthetic methods of classical Greek geometry. The system extends naturally to three dimensions with a third axis (z), and to higher-dimensional spaces (n-dimensional Euclidean space, [latex]\mathbb{R}^n[/latex]), which are fundamental in fields like physics, data science, and machine learning. The Euclidean distance formula, [latex]d = \sqrt{(\Delta x)^2 + (\Delta y)^2}[/latex], is a direct application of the Pythagorean theorem within this coordinate system, solidifying its status as the standard model for Euclidean space.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 1204
- 几何学

类型

抽象系统

中断

革命

使用方法

广泛使用

前体

  • Euclidean geometry’s axioms and theorems
  • 代数学的发展,特别是波斯数学家的发展
  • Apollonius of Perga’s work on conic sections
  • 地图学中的纬度和经度概念

应用

  • 所有形式的现代地图和 GPS
  • 计算机图形、视频游戏和用户界面
  • 数据可视化和统计绘图
  • 建模系统的工程和物理学
  • 机器人和机器视觉

专利:

NA

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Related to: Cartesian coordinates, analytic geometry, René Descartes, algebra, geometry, coordinate system, x-y plane, Euclidean space.

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