生命周期 评估 (生命周期评估) is a systematic methodology for evaluating the environmental impacts associated with all stages of a product’s life. This “cradle-to-grave” or “cradle-to-cradle” analysis considers raw material extraction, processing, 制造业, 包括生产、分销、使用、维修、维护以及最终处置或回收。该方法量化了能源和原材料等投入,以及向空气、水体和土壤排放的污染物等产出。.





