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作業分解構造

1957
  • United States Department of Defense (DoD)
  • NASA
組織的な手法を示す作業分解構造図を備えたプロジェクト管理オフィス。

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A Work Breakdown Structure (sometimes abbreviated WBS) is a key project deliverable that organizes the team’s work into manageable sections. It is a hierarchical and incremental decomposition of the project into phases, deliverables, and work packages. The WBS is a tree structure that shows a subdivision of effort required to achieve an objective, such as a program, project, or contract.

The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) concept was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1957 as part of the Polaris missile program, in conjunction with the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). Its primary innovation was to provide a systematic, deliverable-oriented way to deconstruct a large, complex project into smaller, more manageable components. The fundamental principle of the WBS is the ‘100% Rule,’ which states that the WBS must capture all the work defined in the project scope—and only the work in the scope. It represents the total effort and deliverables of the project.

The WBS is typically depicted as a hierarchical chart, resembling an organization chart. The top level (Level 1) represents the entire project. Subsequent levels break down the work into major deliverables or phases. The decomposition continues until the work is broken down into ‘work packages,’ which are the lowest level of the WBS. A work package is a piece of work that can be realistically estimated, scheduled, and assigned to an individual or a team. To complement the visual chart, a WBS dictionary is often created. This document provides detailed information about each WBS element, including a description of the work, deliverables, budget, schedule, and assigned responsibility. The WBS is not a schedule or a plan, but rather the foundation upon which schedules, cost estimates, and resource plans are built. It provides a common framework for all project stakeholders, ensuring a clear and shared understanding of the project’s scope.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 5312
経営科学

タイプ

抽象システム

混乱

増分

使用法

広く普及している

前駆物質

  • Organizational charts
  • Systems engineering principles
  • Early military project planning techniques
  • Hierarchical decomposition concepts from mathematics and logic

アプリケーション

  • cost estimating and budgeting
  • resource allocation
  • schedule development
  • risk management
  • procurement management
  • scope control and 変更管理

特許:

NA

潜在的なイノベーションのアイデア

  • ai-powered wbs generation from project charters and scope documents
  • interactive mind-map style wbs tools for collaborative brainstorming
  • wbs integrated with blockchain for tracking deliverable completion and payments
  • agile wbs frameworks that adapt iteratively during sprints
  • wbs templates for specific industries generated via machine learning from past project data
  • voice-commanded wbs creation and modification tools
  • 拡張現実 overlays of wbs tasks onto physical construction sites
  • wbs for personal productivity and complex life goals (e.g., writing a book)
  • wbs structures for managing complex scientific research collaborations
  • wbs for deconstructing and tackling large-scale societal problems like climate change
Related to: work breakdown structure, WBS, project management, scope, deliverable, decomposition, work package, project planning, hierarchy, scope management.

歴史的背景

作業分解構造

1910
1914
1950
1957
1957
1960
1960
1890
1914
1942
1957
1957
1960
1960
1965

(日付が不明または関連性がない場合、例えば「流体力学」などでは、その注目すべき出現時期の概算値が提示されます。)

10年目 周年

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