Sheaf cohomology is a central tool in modern algebraic geometry for studying global properties of geometric spaces. For a sheaf [latex]\mathcal{F}[/latex] on a space [latex]X[/latex], the cohomology groups [latex]H^i(X, \mathcal{F})[/latex] are vector spaces whose dimensions provide important invariants. The group [latex]H^0[/latex] represents global sections, while higher groups [latex]H^i[/latex] for [latex]i > 0[/latex] measure the obstructions to patching together local sections into a global one.
