(صورة توضيحية فقط)
تُعد عملية الأنثراكينون، التي طُوّرت في ثلاثينيات القرن العشرين، العملية الصناعية المهيمنة طريقة لإنتاج بيروكسيد الهيدروجين. تتضمن هذه العملية هدرجة مشتق الأنثراكينون إلى أنثراهيدروكينون، ثم أكسدته بالهواء لإعادة تكوين الأنثراكينون الأصلي وإنتاج بيروكسيد الهيدروجين. بعد ذلك، يُستخلص بيروكسيد الهيدروجين بالماء ويُركّز، مما يُنشئ دورة مستمرة وفعّالة.
The anthraquinone process, also known as the Riedl-Pfleiderer process, is an elegant example of a catalytic cycle. The process begins with a solution of a 2-alkylanthraquinone (e.g., 2-ethylanthraquinone) in a mixture of organic solvents. This solution is hydrogenated using a المحفز, typically palladium on a solid support. The hydrogenation reduces the quinone groups to hydroquinone groups, forming 2-alkylanthrahydroquinone. This is the reduction step. Following this, the solution is moved to an oxidizer vessel where it is bubbled with compressed air. The oxygen in the air oxidizes the anthrahydroquinone back to the original 2-alkylanthraquinone, and in the process, produces hydrogen peroxide. The overall reaction is [latex]H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow H_2O_2[/latex]. The hydrogen peroxide formed is immiscible with the organic solvent mixture and is extracted using demineralized water. The resulting aqueous solution is typically around 40% H₂O₂ by weight. This solution can then be purified and concentrated by vacuum distillation to produce various commercial grades, up to 70% or even higher for specialized applications. The organic solution containing the regenerated anthraquinone is dried and recycled back to the hydrogenation step, making the process a continuous loop. The only net inputs are hydrogen and oxygen (from air), and the only output is hydrogen peroxide (and water).
The choice of the alkyl group and the solvent system is critical for the process’s efficiency, as it affects solubility, reaction rates, and the stability of the intermediates. Some side reactions can occur, leading to the degradation of the anthraquinone, which requires periodic replenishment and purification of the working solution. Despite this, the process is highly efficient and scalable, which is why it has remained the standard method for bulk H₂O₂ production for over 80 years.
عملية الأنثراكينون لإنتاج H₂O₂
(إذا كان التاريخ غير معروف أو غير ذي صلة، على سبيل المثال "ميكانيكا الموائع"، يتم توفير تقدير تقريبي لظهوره الملحوظ)
الصور والتنزيلات بالحجم الكامل متاحة فقط، ومجانية تمامًا، للأعضاء المسجلين.
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