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» TNT熔铸

TNT熔铸

1910
1910 年 TNT 熔铸化学工程车间。.

(图片仅供参考)

TNT 的一个关键特性是其熔点低,仅为 80.6 °C (177.1 °F),远低于其 240 °C 的自燃温度。如此大的温差使得 TNT 能够安全地用蒸汽或热水熔化,并浇铸到弹药外壳中,这一过程称为熔铸。这使得生产致密、均匀且无裂纹的炸药成为可能。

The ability to melt-cast TNT was a revolutionary development in munitions technology. Before TNT, explosives like picric acid were used, but they were corrosive to metal casings and more sensitive. TNT’s chemical inertness and thermal stability provided a significant advantage. The process involves heating solid TNT flakes in large, steam-jacketed kettles until it becomes a liquid with a viscosity similar to water. This liquid explosive can then be poured directly into shell casings, bombs, or molds of any shape.

As the liquid TNT cools and solidifies, it contracts slightly. This requires careful management of the cooling process to avoid the formation of voids or cracks, which can create dangerous “hot spots” that might lead to premature detonation upon impact. To achieve a dense, uniform charge, the molten TNT is often poured in stages, with subsequent pours filling the contraction voids of the previous layer. This technique ensures the final explosive charge is solid, stable, and has a predictable detonation performance. The melt-castability of TNT also facilitated the creation of composite explosives, such as Composition B, where molten TNT acts as a castable matrix for more powerful but non-meltable crystalline explosives like RDX, combining the safety of TNT with the power of RDX.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 3305
- 化学工程

类型

化学过程

中断

递增

用法

广泛使用

前体

  • 发现铸造金属,如青铜和铁
  • 蒸汽加热技术的发展
  • 朱利叶斯·威尔布兰德合成TNT
  • 对相变(固到液)和热传递的理解
  • 现代炮弹的发明需要稳定的填充物。

应用程序

  • 制造装填高密度、稳定炸药的炮弹
  • 生产铸造拆除砌块
  • 制造用于穿甲的聚能装药
  • 装填航空炸弹和水雷
  • 生产复合炸药,例如 B 型炸药(TNT 与 RDX 混合)

专利:

NA

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Related to: melt-casting, TNT, explosives, munitions, artillery shell, melting point, composition b, shaped charge, demolition block, chemical engineering.

历史背景

TNT熔铸

1906
1910
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1910
1920
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1920
1903-05-10
1910
1910
1910
1910
1920
1920
1920

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