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» 红宝石激光

红宝石激光

1960-05-16
  • Theodore H. Maiman
实验室环境下的红宝石激光装置,配备合成红宝石晶体和氙气闪光管。

(图片仅供参考)

第一台实用激光器是红宝石激光器,于1960年研制成功。它是一种固态激光器,使用合成红宝石晶体(掺铬氧化铝)作为增益介质。红宝石晶体由强大的氙灯闪光管进行光泵浦,使铬离子发生粒子数反转,从而产生波长为694.3纳米的深红色光束。

创新世界

The ruby laser operates on a three-level energy system. The flashlamp’s light excites the chromium ions ([latex]Cr^{3+}[/latex]) to a broad absorption band (the pump band). From there, they quickly decay non-radiatively to a metastable energy level. Because this metastable level has a relatively long lifetime (a few milliseconds), a large population of ions can accumulate there, creating a population inversion relative to the ground state. When lasing begins, the ions transition from this metastable level back to the ground state, emitting 694.3 nm photons. Because it is a three-level system where the lower laser level is the ground state, it requires very intense pumping to achieve population inversion, making it relatively inefficient. The output is typically a series of short pulses for as long as the flashlamp is active.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2211
- 固体物理学

类型

物理设备

中断

革命

用法

小众/专业

前体

  • 微波激射器(受激辐射微波放大)
  • Schawlow 和 Townes 提出的光学微波激射器(激光器)的理论方案
  • 合成红宝石晶体的开发
  • 高强度闪光灯技术

应用程序

  • 全息摄影(早期实验)
  • 纹身和脱毛
  • 工业钻孔和焊接
  • 科学研究(历史意义)
  • 测距

专利:

NA

潜在创新理念

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Related to: ruby laser, Theodore Maiman, first laser, solid-state laser, chromium, optical pumping, three-level laser, 694.3 nm, Hughes research laboratories, flashlamp.

历史背景

红宝石激光

1960
1960
1960
1960-05-16
1962
1963
1964
1960
1960
1960
1960
1961
1962
1963
1965

(如果日期未知或不相关,例如“流体力学”,则提供其显著出现的近似估计)

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