失效物理学（PoF）是一种可靠性工程方法，它利用材料科学和物理学知识来理解失效的根本原因机制并建立模型。它不单纯依赖过去故障的统计数据，而是通过分析导致退化和故障的物理过程（如疲劳、腐蚀、蠕变）来预测故障。
故障物理学（PoF）
1980
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The Physics of Failure approach represents a shift from the empirical, statistical methods (like relying on MTBF from handbooks) to a more science-based, deterministic methodology. The core idea is to prevent failures at the design stage by understanding how the stresses of manufacturing, shipping, and operation interact with the materials and geometry of a component to initiate and propagate failure mechanisms.
Key activities in a PoF analysis include: identifying potential failure mechanisms and sites, creating a load profile (thermal, mechanical, electrical, chemical stresses), and using mathematical models to predict the time to failure. For example, Coffin-Manson models can be used to predict low-cycle fatigue life under thermal cycling, while Arrhenius models can predict the acceleration of chemical degradation processes with temperature.
This approach is particularly valuable for new technologies or applications where historical failure data is unavailable. By focusing on the fundamental science, engineers can design for reliability, select appropriate materials, and define realistic testing protocols that target specific failure mechanisms, leading to more robust and durable products without the need for extensive trial-and-error testing.
UNESCO Nomenclature: 2210
– Physics
类型
抽象系统
中断
实质性
使用方法
小众/专业
前体
- materials science and solid-state physics
- fracture mechanics developed by A. A. Griffith
- continuum mechanics and stress-strain analysis
- models for chemical reaction kinetics (e.g., Arrhenius equation)
- 有限元素 analysis (fea) software
应用
- designing reliable microelectronics by modeling electromigration and thermal fatigue in solder joints
- predicting the lifetime of turbine blades in jet engines based on creep and fatigue models
- assessing the durability of structures like bridges against corrosion and material degradation
- developing more accurate accelerated life tests for new materials and technologies
专利：
NA
潜在的创新想法
Related to: physics of failure, pof, root cause analysis, failure mechanism, materials science, reliability physics, degradation, accelerated testing.
迎接新挑战
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历史背景
(如果日期不详或不相关，例如 "流体力学"，则对其显著出现的时间作了四舍五入的估计）。
相关发明、创新和技术原理
