» 德摩根定律

德摩根定律

1850
  • Augustus De Morgan
数字电路设计工作区展示了布尔代数中的德摩根定律。

De Morgan’s laws are a pair of transformation rules in Boolean algebra that are fundamental to digital circuit design. The first law states that the negation of a conjunction is the disjunction of the negations: [乳胶]\neg(P \land Q) \iff (\neg P) \lor (\neg Q)[/latex]. The second states that the negation of a disjunction is the conjunction of the negations: [latex]\neg(P \lor Q) \iff (\neg P) \land (\neg Q)[/latex].

In the context of digital electronics, De Morgan’s laws provide a powerful tool for circuit manipulation. They establish a direct equivalence between different types of logic gates. For example, the first law, [latex]\neg(A \cdot B) = \neg A + \neg B[/latex] (using dot for AND and plus for OR), shows that a NAND gate is equivalent to an OR gate with inverted inputs. Similarly, the second law, [latex]\neg(A + B) = \neg A \cdot \neg B[/latex], shows that a NOR gate is equivalent to an AND gate with inverted inputs. This interchangeability is extremely practical. Since NAND and NOR gates are “universal gates”—meaning any Boolean function can be implemented using only NAND gates or only NOR gates—De Morgan’s laws are essential for converting a circuit design from a mix of AND, OR, and NOT gates into a design using a single gate type. This simplifies the manufacturing process for integrated circuits, as only one type of logic cell needs to be perfected and replicated. The laws are also used extensively in logic synthesis software to optimize circuits for speed, area, or power consumption by transforming and simplifying the underlying Boolean expressions.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 1202
- 计算机科学

类型

抽象系统

中断

实质性

使用方法

广泛使用

前体

  • 亚里士多德逻辑
  • George Boole’s formulation of symbolic logic
  • 早期数学家对代数和逻辑中的对偶性的研究

应用

  • 电路设计中布尔表达式的简化
  • 与或逻辑与与非/或逻辑之间的转换
  • 软件中的编译器优化
  • 数据库查询优化
  • formal verification of digital systems

专利:

NA

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Related to: de morgan’s laws, boolean algebra, logic simplification, nand gate, nor gate, universal gates, digital logic, set theory.

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